不同年龄阶段圈养雪豹昼间行为时间分配和行为节律观察  

Diurnal Behaviors Time Budgets and Activity Rhythm of captive snowleopards(Panthera uncia)in different age stages

作　　者：王亚萍 马万浩 孙武 WANG Ya-ping;MA Wan-hao;SUN Wu(Xining Wildlife Park,Xining 810000,China;Qinghai Yak Breeding Extension Service Center,Xining 810000,China;Academy of Animal and Veterinary Science,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China)

机构地区：[1]西宁野生动物园,青海西宁810000 [2]青海省牦牛繁育推广服务中心,青海西宁810100 [3]青海大学畜牧兽医科学院,青海西宁810016

出　　处：《青海畜牧兽医杂志》2023年第2期1-5,55,共6页Chinese Qinghai Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

摘　　要：为了探究不同年龄阶段圈养雪豹的昼间行为时间分配和行为节律的差别,为圈养雪豹的饲养管理提供基础资料,实验采用瞬时扫描法对西宁野生动物园3只不同年龄的雪豹进行行为观察。结果表明,老年雪豹的昼间行为时间分配情况为:运动行为31.48%、警觉行为20.56%、休息行为20.56%、蹭头行为12.04%、进食行为9.82%、理毛行为3.52%、喷尿行为2.04%;壮年雪豹的昼间行为时间分配情况为:运动行为38.33%、警觉行为21.48%、蹭头行为15.74%、进食行为9.07%、喷尿行为9.07%、休息行为4.81%、理毛行为1.48%;青年雪豹的昼间行为时间分配情况为:运动行为32.96%、警觉行为32.22%、休息行为24.82%、进食行为3.89%、蹭头行为3.15%、理毛行为2.22%、喷尿行为0.74%。不同年龄阶段雪豹的昼间行为节律性较强,早晨和傍晚运动行为出现频次较高,壮年雪豹的昼间休息行为显著低于老年和青年雪豹(P<0.05),喷尿行为显著高于老年和青年雪豹(P<0.05)。不同年龄阶段雪豹的采食行为在17∶00~18∶00达到峰值。说明壮年雪豹的领地意识较强,雪豹的梳理行为占比与年龄无关。In order to explore the differences of behaviors time budget and activity rhythm of snow leopards(Panthera uncia),and provide basic data for the husbandry and management of snow leopards in captivity.Instantaneous scanning method was adopted for the behavior observation of three snow leopards at different age stages in Xining Wildlife Park.The results showed that the diurnal behavior distribution of the aged snow leopards was 31.48%for locomotion,20.56%for vigilance,20.56%for inactive,12.04%for head robbing,9.82%for feeding,3.52%for grooming and 2.04%for spraying respectively.the diurnal behavior distribution of adult snow leopards was 38.33%for locomotion,21.48%for vigilance,15.74%for head rubbing,9.07%for feeding,9.07%for spraying,4.81%for rest,1.48%for grooming.The diurnal behavior distribution of youth snow leopards was 32.96%for locomotion,32.22%for vigilance,24.82%for rest,3.89%for feeding,3.15%for head rubbing,2.22%for grooming,and 0.74%for spraying.The snow leopards in different age stages had a clear diurnal activity rhythm,the locomotion behavior in the morning and evening had higher frequencies,the diurnal rest behavior of adult snow leopards is significantly lower than that of the aged and youth snow leopards(P<0.05),and the spray behavior was significantly higher than that of the aged and youth snow leopards(P<0.05);The feeding behavior of snow leopards of different age stages peaked in 17∶00~18∶00.The result shows that the sense of territory of adult snow leopards was strong,and the frequency of grooming behavior was not related to age in captivity leopards.

关 键 词：雪豹 行为时间分配 行为时间节律 休息行为 运动行为 

分 类 号：S865.31[农业科学—野生动物驯养]