7种杀菌剂对藜麦叶斑病菌的室内毒力测定及其分生孢子萌发形态的影响  

Toxicity Determination of Seven Fungicides against Quinoa Leaf Spot Pathogen and the Effect on Conidial Germination Morphology

作　　者：吕红 秦楠[1] 田淼 彭玉飞 任璐[1] 殷辉 赵晓军 LÜHong;QIN Nan;TIAN Miao;PENG Yufei;REN Lu;YIN Hui;ZHAO Xiaojun(College of Plant Protection,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taiyuan 030031,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学植物保护学院,山西太原030031

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2023年第10期1203-1209,共7页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山西省重点研发计划项目(2022ZDYF117);山西省基础研究计划项目(20210302123419);山西省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(2023CYJSTX03-32);山西农业大学“特”“优”农业高质量发展科技支撑工程项目(TYGC23-03)。

摘　　要：为明确咪鲜胺、苯醚甲环唑、丙环唑、啶酰菌胺、腈菌唑、吡唑萘菌胺和甲基硫菌灵等7种杀菌剂对藜麦链格孢叶斑病菌(Alternaria alternata)菌丝和分生孢子的室内毒力及其分生孢子的形态毒理学,采用菌丝生长速率法测定7种杀菌剂对A.alternata菌丝生长的室内毒力,同时用悬滴法测定并观察7种杀菌剂对A.alternata分生孢子萌发的室内毒力和萌发形态的影响。结果表明,7种杀菌剂对A.alternata菌丝生长与分生孢子萌发的室内毒力不同,对菌丝生长的毒力大小依次为咪鲜胺>苯醚甲环唑>丙环唑>啶酰菌胺>腈菌唑>吡唑萘菌胺>甲基硫菌灵,EC_(50)值的范围为0.19~245.45μg/mL,其中,在最高质量浓度下,咪鲜胺(2.5μg/mL)、苯醚甲环唑(2.5μg/mL)、丙环唑(10.0μg/mL)对A.alternata菌丝生长的抑菌效果均最好,抑菌率分别为78.9%、81.4%和79.7%,EC_(50)值分别为0.19、0.26、0.47μg/mL。7种杀菌剂对A.alternata分生孢子萌发的毒力大小依次为吡唑萘菌胺>啶酰菌胺>丙环唑>腈菌唑>咪鲜胺>苯醚甲环唑>甲基硫菌灵,EC_(50)值的范围为0.21~524.69μg/mL,其中,在最高质量浓度下,吡唑萘菌胺(1.0μg/mL)和啶酰菌胺(5.0μg/mL)对A.alternata分生孢子萌发的抑制作用均最好,抑制率分别为76.9%和84.0%,EC_(50)值分别为0.21、0.29μg/mL。形态毒理学研究发现,吡唑萘菌胺和啶酰菌胺可导致A.al⁃ternata的分生孢子畸形萌发,表现为分生孢子的芽管顶端膨大、分枝增多。综上可知,吡唑萘菌胺和啶酰菌胺可作为保护药剂防治藜麦链格孢叶斑病,咪鲜胺、苯醚甲环唑、丙环唑作为治疗药剂防治藜麦链格孢叶斑病。To determine the toxicity of 7 fungicides including prochloraz,difenoconazole,propiconazole,boscalid,myclobutanil,isopyrazam,and thiophanate-methyl against conidia of quinoa leaf spot pathogen(Alternaria alternate),and their morphological toxicology against conidia,the toxicity of 7 fungicides against growth of A.alternata mycelium was determined by mycelial growth rate method,and the toxicity and the effects of 7 fungicides on germination toxicity and germination morphology of conidia of A.alternata were determined and observed by hanging drop method.The results showed that the 7 fungicides had different toxicities against mycelial growth and conidial germination of A.alternata,and the toxicity against mycelial growth was as follows:prochloraz>difenoconazole>propiconazole>boscalid>myclobutanil>isopyrazam>thiophanate-methyl.The EC_(50) values ranged from 0.19μg/mL to 245.45μg/mL.Among them,prochloraz,difenoconazole,and propiconazole had the best antibacterial effect on mycelial growth of A.alternata at the highest concentration(2.5,2.5,and 10.0μg/mL,respectively),the inhibition rates were 78.9%,81.4%,and 79.7%,respectively.The EC_(50) values were 0.19,0.26,and 0.47μg/mL,respectively.The toxicity of the 7 fungicides against A.alternata conidia was as follows:isopyrazam>boscalid>propiconazole>myclobutanil>prochloraz>difenoconazole>thiophanate-methyl.Their EC_(50) values ranged from 0.21μg/mL to 524.69μg/mL.Among them,isopyrazam and boscalid had the best inhibition effect on A.alternata conidial germination,with inhibition rates of 76.9%and 84.0%at the highest concentration(1.0μg/mL and 5.0μg/mL,respectively).Their EC_(50) values were 0.21μg/mL and 0.29μg/mL,respectively.Morphological toxicology study showed that isopyrazam and boscalid could cause malformed germination of A.alternata conidia,which was characterized by enlargement of the germ tube tip and increased branching of the conidia.In conclusion,isopyrazam and boscalid could be used as protective agents to control the alternaria leaf spot of quinoa

关 键 词：藜麦 链格孢 毒力 生长速率法 悬滴法 畸形 萌发 

分 类 号：S435.19[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]