不同类型饮用水污染情况及微生物群落结构特征分析  

Analysis of Different Types of Drinking Water Pollution and MicrobialCommunity Structure Characteristics

作　　者：崔若琪 白淼 张玲悦 江海溶 张灿 张传福 张明露[1] CUI Ruoqi;BAI Miao;ZHANG Lingyue;JIANG Hairong;ZHANG Can;ZHANG Chuanfu;ZHANG Minglu(School of Ecology and Environment,Beijing Technology and Business University,Beijing 100048,China;Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Chinese PLA,Beijing 100071,China;Beijing Railway Disease Prevention Medical Research Center,Beijing 100020,China)

机构地区：[1]北京工商大学生态环境学院,北京100048 [2]中国人民解放军疾病预防控制中心,北京100071 [3]北京铁路疾病预防医学研究中心,北京100020

出　　处：《食品研究与开发》2023年第19期152-158,共7页Food Research and Development

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52070193);北京市自然科学基金资助项目(8192053)。

摘　　要：为了解不同类型饮用水(城市城区管网末梢水、楼宇水箱水和城市郊区自备井水)的微生物污染情况以及微生物群落结构的差异。对不同水样的pH值、浊度、总大肠菌群等常规水质指标进行分析,通过高通量测序技术对微生物群落结构进行解析。结果表明,3种类型饮用水中,自备井水中检测出菌落总数且超过饮用水卫生标准限值,同时还检测出总大肠菌群和大肠埃希氏菌,管网末梢水中检测出Cu2+超标。自备井水的微生物群落多样性最高,楼宇水箱水的微生物群落多样性最低。不同类型饮用水的细菌群落结构存在差异。3种类型饮用水的优势菌门均为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria)。在属水平上,嗜盐单胞菌属(Halomonas)、远洋杆菌属(Pelagibacterium)和涅斯捷连科氏菌属(Nesterenkonia)的平均相对丰度均在楼宇水箱水中最高,其次为管网末梢水。大肠埃希氏-志贺菌属(Escherichia-Shigella)在自备井水中检出率最高。通过微生物代谢功能分析可知,3种类型饮用水中均发现少量与人类疾病相关的代谢途径。与管网末梢水、楼宇水箱水相比,自备井水的水质和微生物群落存在一定差异,表明自备井水更易受到外界环境以及人类活动等因素的影响。To understand the microbial pollution and differences in microbial community structures of different types of drinking water,including pipe network tap water and building tank water in urban areas and self-provided well water in suburban areas,different water samples were analyzed for pH,turbidity,total coliforms,and other conventional water quality indicators,and the microbial community structure was resolved by high-throughput sequencing technology.The results showed that among the three types of drinking water,the total number of colonies detected in the self-provided well water exceeded the national limit of drinking water hygiene standards,and total coliforms and Escherichia coli were detected.In addition,Cu2+in the pipe network tap water samples exceeded the national limit.The microbial community diversity of the self-provided well water samples was the highest,and that of the building tank water was the lowest.The bacterial community structure of different types of drinking water was different.The dominant bacteria for all three types of drinking water included Proteobacteria,Firmicutes,Bacteroidetes,and Actinobacteria.At the genus level,the average relative abundance of Halomonas,Pelagibacterium,and Nesterenkonia was the highest in the building tank water,followed by the pipe network tap water.Escherichia-Shigella had the highest detection rate in the self-provided well water.Through the microbial metabolic function analysis,three types of drinking water samples were found with a small number of metabolic pathways associated with human diseases.Compared with pipe network tap water and building tank water,there were some differences in the water quality and microbial community of self-provided well water,indicating that self-provided well water was more susceptible to external environments and human activities.

关 键 词：饮用水 水质 微生物 群落结构 优势菌群 

分 类 号：R123.1[医药卫生—环境卫生学]