滨海湿地蟹类分布特征及其生境影响因子分析——以江苏省条子泥为例  

IMPACT FACTORS ON DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT OF CRAB IN COASTAL WETLAND IN TIAOZINI,JIANGSU,CHINA

作　　者：张玥 李玉凤 贾悦 邱春琦 王雨青 黄琬淳 刘红玉 袁振威 ZHANG Yue;LI Yu-Feng;JIA Yue;QIU Chun-Qi;WANG Yu-Qing;HUANG Wan-Chun;LIU Hong-Yu;YUAN Zhen-Wei(School of Marine Science and Engineering,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学海洋科学与工程学院,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《海洋与湖沼》2023年第5期1383-1394,共12页Oceanologia Et Limnologia Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目,41871188号,31971547号,42006183号;江苏省生态环境监测科研基金项目,2329号;江苏环境热点问题前瞻性调查评估项目——典型海洋生态系统调查及综合评价方法研究。

摘　　要：滨海湿地是具有特殊水文、土壤及生物特征的生态系统,蟹类作为其重要生物组成部分,在维护滨海湿地生态系统生物多样性方面具有重要意义。基于2022年6月野外调查数据,结合各环境因子的相关性分析与冗余分析结果,同时构建偏最小二乘结构方程模型,探究蟹类数量分布与关键生境因子之间的关系。结果表明,研究区内的蟹类共有5种,属沙蟹科(Ocypodidae)和方蟹科(Grapsidae),广泛分布于海堤向海一面的潮滩上,数量由陆向海总体减少,双齿近相手蟹(Sesarma bidens)是研究区蟹类的优势种。不同种蟹类生境偏好有所不同,双齿近相手蟹和天津厚蟹(Helice tientsinensis)偏好互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)盐沼,弧边招潮蟹(Uca arcuata)偏好互花米草和碱蓬(Suaeda salsa)混合生境,伍氏拟厚蟹(Helice wuana)偏好碱蓬盐沼,日本大眼蟹(Macrophthalmus japonicus)偏好光滩生境。相关性分析和冗余分析结果表明蟹类数量与植物地上生物量、植被覆盖度、相对高程呈现显著正相关性,与淹水时长呈现显著负相关性。偏最小二乘结构方程模型的结果表明水文微地形特征对蟹类特征的影响最大,路径系数为-0.564,其次是植被特征,路径系数为0.526。蟹类的分布特征是多种生境因子综合作用的结果,而水文微地形因子和植被因子对条子泥蟹类分布特征的影响最显著。研究结果能够为滨海湿地生物多样性维护和生态系统保护提供一定的科学依据。As an important biological component of the coastal wetland ecosystem,crabs are important in maintaining the biodiversity of the coastal wetland ecosystem.Based on the field investigation data of crabs,vegetation,and soil samples,relationship between crab population distribution and key habitat factors was explored using correlation analysis and redundancy analysis of various environmental factors in partial least squares-structural equation model(PLS-SEM).Results show that there were 5 crab species,belonging to Ocypodidae and Grapsidae,and they widely distributed on tidal flats and decreased from land to sea in number.Sesarma bidens was the dominant species of crabs in the study area.Different crab species preferred different habitats.S.bidens and Helice tridens tientsinensis preferred to Spartina alterniflora habitat,Uca arcuata to the mixed habitat of S.alterniflora and Suaeda salsa,Helice wuana to the habitat of S.salsa,and Macrophthalmus japonicus to the habitat of bare beach.The number of crabs was positively correlated with the aboveground biomass,vegetation coverage,and relative elevation,but negatively correlated with the duration of flooding.Results of PLS-SEM analysis show that vegetation status had the greatest impact on crab distribution with path coefficient of–0.564,followed by hydrological microtopography with path coefficient of 0.526.Overall,the crab distribution was the result of all actions of various habitat factors,of which hydrological microtopography and vegetation affected the distribution most.This study provided a scientific basis for biodiversity conservation and ecosystem protection of coastal wetland.

关 键 词：滨海湿地 蟹类分布 植被特征 地形条件 条子泥 

分 类 号：Q958.8[生物学—动物学]