预处理与干燥方式对枸杞干燥特性及品质影响的研究进展  

Research progress on influence of pretreatment and dryingmethods on drying characteristics and quality of goji

作　　者：王兆凯 任广跃[1,2] 段续 徐一铭[1] 楚倩倩 赵梦月 WANG Zhaokai;REN Guangyue;DUAN Xu;XU Yiming;CHU Qianqian;ZHAO Mengyue(College of Food and Bioengineering,Henan University of Science and Technology,Luoyang 471000,China;Henan Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Storage Security,Zhengzhou 450001,China)

机构地区：[1]河南科技大学食品与生物工程学院,河南洛阳471000 [2]粮食储藏安全河南省协同创新中心,河南郑州450001

出　　处：《食品与发酵工业》2023年第19期367-375,共9页Food and Fermentation Industries

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32172352);国家自然科学基金项目(31972207);河南省重大科技专项(221100110800)。

摘　　要：枸杞作为中国传统的中药材和功能性食品,富含多种生物活性成分,具有抗衰老、抗氧化和增强免疫力的功效。新鲜枸杞采摘后,一方面因其含水率高,若不及时干燥处理,极易发生品质劣变,造成经济损失;另一方面因鲜枸杞表皮被蜡质层所包裹,蜡质层的存在极大地阻碍了枸杞内水分的迁移。因此,选择可有效破除天然蜡质层壁垒的预处理方式对枸杞干燥特性及其干果制品的品质产生重要的影响。同时,该文将传统和先进的枸杞干燥方式进行对比发现,热泵干燥同时控制干燥湿度和干燥环境气体种类,可替代商业生产中的传统太阳能干燥及热风干燥;微波干燥、红外干燥与其他干燥方式相结合后可有效提高干燥效率;与热风干燥相比,冷冻干燥、脉冲真空干燥获得的枸杞干果品质更接近于鲜果。此外,该文还为未来枸杞干燥技术的发展和应用提出了建议,以期为我国枸杞干制品产业的发展提供理论参考。As a traditional Chinese medicinal material and functional food,goji is rich in a variety of bioactive components and has the effects of anti-aging,anti-oxidation and enhancing immunity.After fresh goji was picked,on one hand,because of its high moisture content,it was easy to deteriorate the quality and cause economic losses if it was not dried in time.On the other hand,because the epidermis of fresh goji was wrapped by wax layer,the existence of wax layer greatly hindered the migration of moisture in goji.Therefore,the choice of pretreatment method that effectively breaks down the natural wax layer barriers has an important influence on the drying characteristics of goji berries and the quality of their dried fruit products.At the same time,this paper compared traditional and advanced drying methods for goji and found that heat pump drying can replace traditional solar drying and hot air drying in commercial production by controlling both the drying humidity and the type of drying environment gas;microwave drying and infrared drying could effectively improve drying efficiency when combined with other drying methods;compared to hot air drying,the quality of dried goji obtained by freeze drying and pulse vacuum drying was closer to that of fresh fruits.In addition,this put forward suggestions for the future development and application of goji drying technology,with a view to providing theoretical references for the development of China’s goji dried products industry.

关 键 词：枸杞 预处理 干燥技术 干燥特性 品质 

分 类 号：TS255.3[轻工技术与工程—农产品加工及贮藏工程]