风景是国土的艺术化,园林是风景的典型化——西欧风景含义的演变与风景园林的发展  

Landscape is Art up of Territory,and Gardens are Typification of Landscape—The Evolution of the Meaning of Landscape and the Development of Gardens in Western Europe

作　　者：赵海月 朱丽雅 朱建宁[1,3] 李亚丽 严梦竹 ZHAO Haiyue;ZHU Liya;ZHU Jianning;LI Yali;YAN Mengzhu

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学园林学院,北京100083 [2]北京北林地景园林规划设计院有限责任公司,北京100083 [3]北京北林地平线景观规划设计院,北京100083

出　　处：《中国园林》2023年第9期133-138,共6页Chinese Landscape Architecture

摘　　要：梳理了术语“风景”在西欧出现及其含义演变的过程。早期风景的含义主要是与领土整治相关。文艺复兴时期,欧洲人认识到风景的文化艺术价值,形成了“田园生活”和“乐土”风景样板,绘画、园林等风景艺术得到发展,深刻影响了园林的布局、功能和规模。18世纪,在农庄经济和工业革命的影响下,英国的乡村风景彻底改观,产生了“崇高的”和“如画的”新型风景样板,催生出自然风景式园林风格,促进了风景旅游的兴起。最后,总结了西欧国土-风景-园林之间的关系及其对中国的启示。This paper summarized the emergence of the term"landscape"and its evolution of the meaning in western Europe.The initial meaning of landscape mainly refers to territorial management.During the Renaissance,Europeans realized the cultural and artistic worth of landscape and found the landscape models of pastoral life and promised land,which promoted the development of landscape arts such as painting and gardens,and deeply influenced the layout,function,and scale of gardens.In the 18th century,under the influence of farm economy and industrial revolution,the rural landscape in Britain completely changed.With the formation of the new"sublime"and"picturesque"landscape models,the natural landscape garden style emerged,and further promoted the emergence of landscape tourism.Finally,the relationship of territory,landscape and gardens and the inspirations for China were summarized.

关 键 词：风景园林 领土整治 乡村风景 风景类型 园林艺术 

分 类 号：TU986[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]