施氮量与栽插密度对南疆水稻氮素利用率及产量的影响  

Effects of nitrogen application rate and planting density on nitrogen use efficiency and yield of rice in Southern Xinjiang

作　　者：王振洋 王冀川[1] 郭子扬 袁杰[2] 张凯雨 王奉斌[3] 康德锐 WANG Zhenyang;WANG Jichuan;GUO Ziyang;YUAN Jie;ZHANG Kaiyu;WANG Fengbin;KANG Derui(College of Agronomy,Tarim University,Alar 843300,China;Institute of Nuclear and Biotechnology,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China;Institute of Food Crops,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China)

机构地区：[1]塔里木大学农学院,阿拉尔843300 [2]新疆农业科学院核技术生物技术研究所,乌鲁木齐830091 [3]新疆农业科学院粮食作物研究所,乌鲁木齐830091

出　　处：《华中农业大学学报》2023年第5期72-81,共10页Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区科技支疆项目(2019E0246);新疆生产建设兵团2021年三区科技人才专项(BT1720220015F)。

摘　　要：为研究施氮量与栽插密度对南疆水稻氮素利用效率及产量的影响,开展施氮量为主区、栽插密度为副区的裂区试验,分析新稻36号的群体LAI、NR活性、氮素吸收与转运及产量变化。结果显示:适当增施氮肥和适宜密植有利于提高群体LAI和叶片NR活性,其中LAI在施氮量360 kg/hm2、密度20.83万~26.69万穴/hm2较大,NR在施氮量240~260 kg/hm2、密度16.67万~20.83万穴/hm2时较高;施氮量240 kg/hm2配合27.78万穴/hm2的栽插密度能获得最大的茎鞘氮转运量和穗部氮增加量,其氮肥农学利用率显著高于其他组合处理。结果表明,适当增加密度可减轻由于施氮量增加而导致的氮肥偏生产力、氮素吸收效率下降的现象;在240 kg/hm2的施氮量条件下,配合20.83万~27.78万穴/hm2的栽插密度能够实现氮素利用及产量协同提高。To study the effects of nitrogen application rate and planting density on nitrogen use effi⁃ciency and yield of rice in Southern Xinjiang,split plot experiments were carried out in the main area of ni⁃trogen application rate and the subarea of the planting density to analyze LAI,NR activity,nitrogen absorp⁃tion and transport and yield changes in the population of Xindao 36.The results showed that appropriate ni⁃trogen application and dense planting were beneficial for increasing LAI and NR activity in the population.LAI was higher at 360 kg/hm2 nitrogen application rate and 2083-2669 thousand holes/hm2 density,and NR was higher at 240-260 kg/hm2 nitrogen application rate and 166700-208300 thousand holes/hm2 densi⁃ty.The maximum amount of nitrogen transport in the stem and sheath and the increase in nitrogen in the ear can be obtained by applying 240 kg/hm2 of nitrogen and a planting density of 277800 holes/hm2,and the agronomic utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer is significantly higher than that of other combinations.A proper increase in density can reduce the decline in nitrogen partial productivity and nitrogen absorption effi⁃ciency caused by the increase in nitrogen application rate.Under the condition of a 240 kg/hm2 nitrogen ap⁃plication rate,a planting density of 208300-277800 holes/hm2 can achieve the coordinated improvement of nitrogen utilization and yield,which can be a reference for the planting of Xindao 36 in Southern Xinjiang.

关 键 词：南疆 水稻 施氮量 密度 氮素利用效率 硝酸还原酶活性 产量 

分 类 号：S143.1[农业科学—肥料学] S511[农业科学—农业基础科学]