不同水氮配比对棉花花铃期土壤无机氮分布及产量的影响  

Effects of applying water and nitrogen on soil inorganic nitrogen distribution and yield in cotton at stage of flowering and bolling

作　　者：郑剑波 李振华 张有亮 杨悦 陈国栋[1] 罗新宁[1] ZHENG Jianbo;LI Zhenhua;ZHANG Youliang;YANG Yue;CHEN Guodong;LUO Xinning(College of Agronomy,Tarim University,Alar 843300,China)

机构地区：[1]塔里木大学农学院,阿拉尔843300

出　　处：《华中农业大学学报》2023年第5期105-112,共8页Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFD1001005);大学生创新创业训练计划资助项目(2022027)。

摘　　要：为探究不同水氮配比对新疆阿拉尔地区棉花花铃期土壤无机氮时空分布规律以及棉花产量的影响,设置棉花花铃期不同灌水量、氮肥运筹模式的田间试验(N0:0 kg/hm2;N240:240 kg/hm2;N360:360 kg/hm2;W1:3600 m3/hm2;W2:4200 m3/hm2;W3:5400 m3/hm2),分别测定土壤0~30 cm、30~60 cm土层土壤硝态氮、铵态氮含量以及棉花产量,通过综合对比分析,得到棉花种植期最优施肥量和灌水投入量。结果显示:N240、N360施氮处理能显著提高花铃期棉花根层硝态氮含量;施肥处理下,随着灌水水平的提高,土壤铵态氮含量会呈现短期上升趋势,之后又降低至灌溉前水平;在W2灌水量、N240施氮量条件下,棉花花铃期施加总肥料用量的42%,总灌水量的57%,棉花产量可达到6648.05 kg/hm2。研究结果表明,在W2灌水量、N240施氮量条件下,棉花花铃期施加总肥料用量的42%,总灌水量的57%,棉花花铃期0~60 cm土层土壤无机氮含量明显增加,且棉花产量最高。The field experiments with different volume of irrigation water and application modes of ni⁃trogen fertilizer including N0:0 kg/hm2,N 240:240 kg/hm2,N 360:360 kg/hm2,W 1:3600 m 3/hm2,W2:4200 m3/hm2,and W3:5400 m3/hm2 were conducted in cotton at the stage of flowering and bolling in Alar region,Xinjiang to study the effects of different water nitrogen ratio on the spatial and temporal dis⁃tribution of soil inorganic nitrogen and the yield of cotton.The contents of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen in soil layers of 0-30 cm and 30-60 cm,and the yield of cotton were measured.The optimal fertil⁃ization volume and irrigation input of cotton planting period were obtained through comprehensive compara⁃tive analysis.The results showed that nitrogen application of N240 and N360 significantly increased the con⁃tent of nitrate nitrogen in cotton root layer at stage of flowering and bolling.Under fertilization treatment,The content of soil ammonium nitrogen had a short-term upward trend with the increase of irrigation level,and then reduced to the level before irrigation.Under the conditions of W2 irrigation volume and N240 ni⁃trogen application volume,the yield of cotton reached 6648.05 kg/hm2 by applying 42%of the total fertil⁃izer volume and 57%of the total irrigation volume in cotton at the stage of flowering and bolling.It is indi⁃cated that the yield of cotton is the highest under the conditions of W2 irrigation volume and N240 nitrogen application volume,which is the optimal volume of fertilization and irrigation for cotton at the stage of flow⁃ering and bolling in Alar region of Xinjiang.

关 键 词：膜下滴灌 棉花 花铃期 水氮配比 无机氮 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学] S505