不同施氮水平下化学调控对棉花光合特征及产量的影响  

Effects of chemical regulation on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of cotton under different nitrogen application levels

作　　者：吴一帆 彭增莹 段松江 申莹莹 李宗润 郭仁松[2] 张巨松[1] WU Yifan;PENG Zengying;DUAN Songjiang;SHEN Yingying;LI Zongrun;GUO Rensong;ZHANG Jusong(College of Agronomy,Xinjiang Agricultural University/Research Center of Cotton Engineering,Ministry of Education,Urumqi 830052,China;Institute of Economic Crops,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学农学院/教育部棉花工程研究中心,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所,乌鲁木齐830091

出　　处：《华中农业大学学报》2023年第5期132-140,共9页Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项(2020A01002-4)。

摘　　要：为探明不同施氮水平与缩节胺对棉花光合特性及产量的互作效应,以“新陆中88号”为试材,采用双因素裂区试验设计,设置320(N1)、480 kg/hm^(2)(N2)2个施氮(纯氮)水平和67.0(F1)、150.0(F2)、260.5(F3)、371.0 g/hm^(2)(F4)4个缩节胺喷施剂量,研究不同施氮水平下缩节胺喷施剂量对棉花光合特征及产量构成因素的影响。结果显示,施氮水平与缩节胺剂量对棉花净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、干物质积累、氮素积累与产量构成因素均存在互作效应。氮肥与缩节胺对棉花Pn与Tr的促进作用主要在棉花盛铃期与吐絮期,且Pn与Tr均以N1F3处理较高。N1最终生殖器官干物质积累量、氮素积累与皮棉产量均高于N2,各指标依次高出5.6%、11.32%、7.68%。同一施氮水平下,F3剂量能够显著提高棉花生殖器官干物质及氮素积累量,增加棉花单株结铃数、单铃质量与皮棉产量,亦均以N1F3处理较高,但其与N1F2处理相比均未达显著差异水平,其中N1F3皮棉产量为2803.32 kg/hm^(2),但其仅较N1F2处理增产0.3%。因此,综合考虑各测定指标表现,在本试验条件下,推荐南疆棉田适宜施氮量为320 kg/hm^(2),同时配合喷施缩节胺剂量150.0 g/hm^(2)为宜,节本的同时可保证较高的棉花产量。To explore the interaction effect of different nitrogen levels and mepiquat chloricie(DPC)on cotton,a two-factor cleft zone test was designed with“XinLuzhong 88”as test material,two nitrogen levels of 320(N1),480 kg/hm^(2)(N2),and four doses of DPC spray of 67.0(F1),150.0(F2),260.5(F3),371.0 g/hm^(2)(F4),were applied,the effect of the DPC under different nitrogen levels on photosyn⁃thetic characteristics and yield formation was studied.The results showed that there were interactions be⁃tween nitrogen level and DPC dosage on the net photosynthetic rate(Pn),transpiration rate(Tr),dry mat⁃ter accumulation,nitrogen accumulation and yield composition factors in cotton.The promotion effects of nitrogen fertilizer and DPC on Pn and Tr of cotton were mainly in cotton after full boll and opening boll stag⁃es,and both Pn and Tr were higher under N1F3 treatment.The accumulation of dry matter,nitrogen accu⁃mulation and lint yield of final reproductive organs in N1 treatment were higher than that of N2,and the in⁃dexes were 5.6%,11.32%and 7.68%higher respectively.Under the same nitrogen level,the accumula⁃tion of dry matter and nitrogen in reproductive organs,the number of single knots,single bell mass and lint yield of cotton,were significantly increased with N1F3 treatment,but it did not reach a significant differ⁃ence level compared with N1F2 treatment,among which the lint yield of N1F3 was 2803.32 kg/hm^(2),only 0.3%higher than that of N1F2 treatment.Therefore,considering the performance of each measurement in⁃dex,under the test conditions,it is recommended to apply a nitrogen amount of 320 kg/hm^(2),and a DPC dosage of 150.0 g/hm^(2)to ensure a higher cotton yield.

关 键 词：氮肥 缩节胺 化学调控 棉花 营养积累 产量 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]