施用生物炭对2种典型土壤养分有效性及肥力特征的影响  

Effects of biochar application on nutrient availability and fertility characteristics of two typical soils

作　　者：王响玲 夏浩 李宇轩 王吉元 夏晓阳 张凤华[2] 姜存仓[1,2] WANG Xiangling;XIA Hao;LI Yuxuan;WANG Jiyuan;XIA Xiaoyang;ZHANG Fenghua;JIANG Cuncang(College of Resources and Environment/Microelement Research Center,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;College of Agronomy,Shihezi University/Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture,Shihezi 832000,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学资源与环境学院/微量元素研究中心,武汉430070 [2]石河子大学农学院/新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室,石河子832000

出　　处：《华中农业大学学报》2023年第5期158-167,共10页Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42167042);兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室开放课题(202103);国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD1700204)。

摘　　要：为探究我国酸、碱2种典型土壤养分有效性和肥力特征对生物炭(BC)的响应,以新疆盐渍灰漠土和湖北酸性红壤为供试土壤,设置4个生物炭(玉米秸秆原料)水平:C0(0%)、C0.5(0.5%)、C1(1%)和C2(2%),进行为期60 d包括4个动态取样时期(1 d、10 d、30 d、60 d)的土壤培养试验。测定土壤基本理化性质、盐分、养分含量和土壤胞外酶活性,考察酸、碱2种土壤养分有效性及肥力特征对不同生物炭施用水平的响应。结果显示,施用生物炭能够改善2种土壤的理化性质,并提高土壤养分含量。施用2%生物炭使酸性红壤pH显著提高0.14个单位,使盐渍土pH显著降低0.18个单位;与C0相比,施用2%生物炭后导致酸性红壤和盐渍土的有机质和速效钾含量分别显著提高71.25%、59.65%和142.31%、36.85%。与C0相比,施用2%生物炭,酸性红壤水溶性钾含量在培养10 d时增幅最大,为238.10%,盐渍土在培养1 d时增幅最大,为47.50%;同时,红壤交换性钾含量在培养60 d时增幅最大,为127.88%,盐渍土在培养1 d时增幅最大,为31.58%。在培养60 d时,施用2%生物炭使盐渍土的非交换性钾含量降低7.62%。施用生物炭显著增加红壤的水溶性镁含量和钾钠比(K^(+)/Na^(+))。在盐渍土中,还显著降低钠吸附比(SAR)和水溶性钠含量,施用0.5%的生物炭显著提高水溶性钙及水溶性镁含量,相对C0处理分别增加4.90%和2.80%。另外,施用生物炭导致2种典型土壤胞外酶活性均有所降低,通过冗余分析发现土壤胞外酶与速效钾、水溶性钾及SAR呈正相关关系且相关性较强。结果表明,施用生物炭可以提高2种典型土壤养分有效性,速效钾和水溶性钾为土壤肥力的关键驱动因子;通过生物炭的强吸附以及盐分离子间的置换作用,减少Na^(+)的盐碱胁迫效应,对提高2种典型土壤的肥力特征有着积极效应。The salinized gray desert soil(S)in Xinjiang and the acid red soil(A)in Hubei were used to study the response of nutrient availability and fertility characteristics to biochar(BC)in the two typical soils of acid and alkali in China.Four levels of biochar(maize straw as raw material)including C0(0%),C0.5(0.5%),C1(1%)and C2(2%)were set.A soil cultivation experiment was conducted for 60 days.4 dynamic sampling periods including 1 d,10 d,30 d,60 d were selected.The basic physical and chemical properties,salinity,the content of nutrient,and the activity of extracellular enzymes in soil were measured.The response of nutrient availability and fertility characteristics of two typical soils of acid and al⁃kali to different levels of biochar application was analyzed.The results showed that the application of bio⁃char improved the physical and chemical properties of the two soils,and increased the content of nutrient in the soil.C2 significantly increased the pH of red soil by 0.14 units and decreased the pH of saline soil by 0.18 units.Compared with C0,C2 significantly increased the content of organic matter and available potas⁃sium in acid red soil and saline soil by 71.25%,59.65%and 142.31%,36.85%,respectively.Compared with C0,the maximum increase in the content of water-soluble potassium in red soil was 238.10%after 10 days of cultivation under C2,and the maximum increase in the content of water-soluble potassium in saline soil was 47.50%after 1 day of cultivation.The maximum increase in the content of exchangeable potas⁃sium in red soil was 127.88%after 60 days of cultivation,while the maximum increase in the content of ex⁃changeable potassium in saline soil was 31.58%after 1 day of cultivation.C2 reduced the content of non-exchangeable potassium in saline soil by 7.62%after 60 days of cultivation.The application of biochar sig⁃nificantly increased the content of water-soluble magnesium and the ratio of potassium to sodium(K^(+)/Na^(+))in red soil.The application of biochar significantly reduced sodium adso

关 键 词：盐渍土 红壤 生物炭 钾素形态 胞外酶 肥力特征 

分 类 号：S626.5[农业科学—园艺学]