南疆阿拉尔垦区棉花生育期气候资源变化特征分析  

Analysis on climate resource change characteristics of cotton growing period in Alar Reclamation area of Southern Xinjiang

作　　者：程珍 牛建龙[1] 王煜 唐晓璇 吴凡 柳维扬[1] 蒋学玮[3] CHENG Zhen;NIU Jianlong;WANG Yu;TANG Xiaoxuan;WU Fan;LIU Weiyang;JIANG Xuewei(College of Agronomy,Tarim University,Alar 843300,China;Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Engineering Consulting Co.,Ltd.,Urumqi 830002,China;College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences,Tarim University,Alar 843300,China)

机构地区：[1]塔里木大学农学院,阿拉尔843300 [2]新疆生产建设兵团工程咨询有限责任公司,乌鲁木齐830002 [3]塔里木大学园艺与林学学院,阿拉尔843300

出　　处：《华中农业大学学报》2023年第5期178-185,共8页Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University

基　　金：新疆生产建设兵团财政科技计划项目(2021DB015);新疆生产建设兵团科技创新人才计划项目(2022CB001-07);新疆生产建设兵团科技计划项目(2021DB019);中国农业科学院棉花生物学国家重点实验室项目(CB2021A29);塔里木大学研究生创新项目(TDGR202026);塔里木大学大学生创新创业训练计划项目(2023018)。

摘　　要：为探明气候变暖背景下南疆阿拉尔垦区棉花生育期气候资源动态变化规律,选取1990—2020年南疆阿拉尔垦区棉花生育期数据和同期地面气象数据,采用最小二乘法、Mann-Kendall非参数突变检验、滑动t检验和显著性分析方法,对南疆阿拉尔垦区棉花生育期气候资源动态变化及其突变进行了分析。结果显示:1990—2020年南疆阿拉尔垦区棉花全生育期降水量呈极显著增加趋势,相对湿度呈显著减小趋势,分别变化6.377 mm/10 a和1.583%/10 a,最高气温、最低气温、平均气温和积温均呈不显著增加趋势,气温日较差和日照时数均呈不显著减小趋势,主要表现在同期棉花播种-出苗期最高气温、平均气温和积温均呈极显著增加趋势,最低气温呈显著增加趋势;出苗-现蕾期气温日较差呈极显著增加趋势,积温和降水量均呈显著增加趋势;现蕾-开花期最高气温和降水量均呈极显著增加趋势,积温、气温日较差和日照时数均呈极显著减少趋势,平均气温呈显著降低趋势;开花-吐絮期降水量呈极显著增加趋势,气温日较差呈极显著减小趋势,相对湿度呈显著减小趋势;吐絮-停止生长期最高气温、降水量和日照时数均呈极显著增加趋势,其他时段各气候要素变化均不明显。1990—2020年南疆阿拉尔垦区棉花播种-出苗期最高气温、最低气温、平均气温、积温和日照时数分别在2014、1998、2012、1997和1998、2005年出现突变,出苗-现蕾期日照时数在2008年出现突变,现蕾-开花期最高气温、降水量、日照时数和积温分别在2001、2001、2007和2003、2010年出现突变,开花-吐絮期、吐絮-停止生长期和全生育期各气候要素均未发生显著突变。棉农应结合垦区棉花生育期气候资源量值及其动态变化规律适时调整田间管理措施。The data about the growth period of cotton and the daily surface meteorology in Alar recla⁃mation area of Southern Xinjiang from 1990 to 2020 were used to study the dynamic changes in climate re⁃sources during the growth period of cotton in Alar reclamation area of Southern Xinjiang under the back⁃ground of climate warming.The least squares method,Mann-Kendall non parametric test,sliding t-test,and significance analysis were used to analyze the dynamic and sudden changes in climate resources during the growth period of cotton in Alar reclamation area of Southern Xinjiang.The results showed that the pre⁃cipitation during the whole growth period of cotton in Alar reclamation area of Southern Xinjiang from 1990 to 2020 increased significantly while the relative humidity decreased significantly,with changes of 6.377 mm/10 a and 1.583%/10 a,respectively.The maximum temperature,minimum temperature,average temperature and accumulated temperature did not increase significantly,while the daily temperature range and sunshine duration did not decrease significantly.The main manifestation was that the maximum temper⁃ature,average temperature,and accumulated temperature increased extremely significantly while the mini⁃mum temperature increased significantly from sowing to seedling of cotton.The daily temperature range in⁃creased extremely significantly while the accumulated temperature and precipitation increased significantly from seedling to budding of cotton.The maximum temperature and precipitation increased extremely signifi⁃cantly while the accumulated temperature,daily temperature range,and sunshine duration decreased ex⁃tremely significantly and the average temperature decreased significantly from budding to flowering period of cotton.The precipitation increased extremely significantly,the daily temperature range decreased ex⁃tremely significantly,and the relative humidity decreased significantly from flowering to boll opening of cot⁃ton.The maximum temperature,precipitation and sunshine duration

关 键 词：棉花生育期 气候变化 气温 降水量 相对湿度 

分 类 号：Q142.2[生物学—生态学]