水肥耦合对南疆滴灌骏枣生长生理及产量的影响  

Effects of water and fertilizer coupling on growth physiology and yield of Jun jujube under drip irrigation in Southern Xinjiang

作　　者：周小杰 吕廷波 邢猛 宋仁友 付鑫法 ZHOU Xiaojie;LÜTingbo;XING Meng;SONG Renyou;FU Xinfa(School of Water Conservancy and Construction Engineering,Shihezi University/Key Laboratory of Modern Water-Saving Irrigation Corps,Shihezi 832000,China)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学水利建筑工程学院/现代节水灌溉兵团重点实验室,石河子832000

出　　处：《华中农业大学学报》2023年第5期195-205,共11页Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University

基　　金：新疆生产建设兵团南疆重点产业创新发展支撑计划项目(2022DB024);新疆生产建设兵团节水灌溉试验计划项目(BTJSSY-202106)。

摘　　要：为探索适宜滴灌骏枣提质增效的水肥耦合方案,以南疆典型自压灌区昆玉市224团10 a成龄骏枣为研究对象,基于当地实践生产,以灌水量770 mm、施肥量1125 kg/km^(2)为对照,采用水(W1,540 mm;W2,630 mm;W3,720 mm)、化肥(F1,562.5 kg/hm^(2);F2,810 kg/hm^(2);F3,1080 kg/hm^(2))双因素三水平进行小区试验,探索南疆滴灌骏枣的新梢、枣吊、光合特性及产量品质对水肥耦合的响应规律。结果显示:灌水、施肥和水肥交互作用对叶片净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO_(2)浓度(Ci)、新梢和枣吊的影响均表现为灌水>施肥>水肥交互作用;对产量、灌溉水分利用效率(IWUE)的影响均表现为水肥交互作用>灌水>施肥;对肥料偏生产力(PFP)影响表现为水肥交互作用>施肥>灌水;对单果质量、骏枣纵横径表现为施肥>灌水>水肥交互作用;对果形指数影响表现为施肥>水肥交互作用>灌水。结果表明:W3F2处理的骏枣新梢、枣吊最优,W2F3处理的产量、IWUE最优,W2F2处理的Pn、Tr、Gs、单果质量、骏枣纵横径、果形指数最优,W3F1处理的PFP最优。In order to explore the coupling scheme of water and fertilizer suitable for drip irrigation to improve the quality and efficiency of Jun jujube,10 a Jun jujube of 224 regiment in Kunyu City,a typical self-pressure irrigation area in Southern Xinjiang was studied.Referring to the local practice,the irrigation amount of 770 mm and the fertilization amount of 1125 kg/km2 were used as the control,a two-factor three-level plot trial was conducted with water(W1,540 mm;W2,630 mm;W3,720 mm),chemical fer⁃tilizer(F1,562.5 kg/hm2;F2,810 kg/hm2;F3,1080 kg/hm2).To explore the response law of new shoot,bearing branch,photosynthetic characteristics and yield of Jun jujube under drip irrigation in Southern Xinji⁃ang to water and fertilizer coupling.The results showed that the effects of irrigation,fertilization and waterfertilizer interaction on leaf net photosynthetic rate(Pn),transpiration rate(Tr),stomatal conductance(Gs),intercellular CO2 concentration(Ci),new shoots and bearing branch were in the order of irrigation>fertilization>water-fertilizer interaction.The effects on yield and irrigation water use efficiency(IWUE)were water and fertilizer interaction>irrigation>fertilization.The effect on fertilizer partial factor productivi⁃ty(PFP)was water and fertilizer interaction>fertilization>irrigation.The single fruit weight,vertical and horizontal diameter of Jun jujube showed fertilization>irrigation>water and fertilizer interaction.The effect on fruit shape index was fertilization>water and fertilizer interaction>irrigation.The results showed that W3F2 was the best treatment for shoot and bearing,W 2F3 was the best treatment for yield and IWUE,W2F2 was the best treatment for Pn,Tr,Gs,single fruit weight,vertical and horizontal diameter,W 3F1 was the best treatment for PFP.This study can provide scientific basis for water and fertilizer management of dripper Jun jujube in Southern Xinjiang.

关 键 词：水肥耦合 滴灌 骏枣 水肥一体化 矮化密植 新梢 枣吊 光合作用 

分 类 号：S665.1[农业科学—果树学]