倒春寒对开花期小麦根际土壤真菌群落的影响  

Effects of late spring coldness on fungal communities in wheat rhizosphere soil at flowering stage

作　　者：王捧娜 代雯慈 于敏 翁颖 黄谨卫 吴宇 蔡洪梅 郭健鹏 高赛 郑宝强 李金才[1,2] 陈翔 WANG Pengna;DAI Wenci;YU Min;WENG Ying;HUANG Jinwei;WU Yu;CAI Hongmei;GUO Jianpeng;GAO Sai;ZHENG Baoqiang;LI Jincai;CHEN Xiang(College of Agronomy,Anhui Agricultural University/Scientific Observation Station of Crop Cultivation in East China,Ministry of Agriculture,Hefei 230036,China;Jiangsu Modern Crop Production Collaborative Innovation Center,Nanjing 210095,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学农学院/农业部华东地区作物栽培科学观测站,合肥230036 [2]江苏省现代作物生产协同创新中心,南京210095

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报（中英文）》2023年第10期1565-1578,共14页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：安徽省自然科学基金项目(2008085QC122);淮北市重大科技专项(HK2021013);安徽省重大科技专项(202003b06020021);安徽省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(340000222426000100009);安徽农业大学校级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(X202210364737)资助。

摘　　要：全球气候变暖导致小麦生产中倒春寒灾害频发重发,根际微生物群落对小麦生长和适逆性至关重要。本研究以抗倒春寒性弱的‘新麦26’(XM)和抗倒春寒性强的‘烟农19’(YN)两小麦品种为试验材料,采用盆栽试验,于小麦幼穗分化的药隔期(敏感期)人工模拟倒春寒,以10℃为对照(CK),设置2℃(T1)和−2℃(T2)两个低温胁迫处理。小麦开花期采集根际土壤,利用高通量测序研究不同抗性小麦品种在倒春寒下根际土壤真菌群落结构和多样性的变化。结果表明:与CK相比,倒春寒胁迫后开花期两品种地上、地下干物质重较对照分别降低1.65%~12.22%、15.05%~35.49%,根冠比增加,且对XM影响程度大于YN。倒春寒胁迫使子囊菌门(Ascomycota)相对丰度显著升高,而被孢霉目(Mortierellales)、被孢霉科(Mortierellaceae)、被孢霉属(Mortierella)相对丰度显著降低;随胁迫程度增强XM的下降幅度更大,其中被孢霉属相对丰度T2处理较CK下降54.70%。抗倒春寒性强的品种YN根际土壤中担子菌门(Basidiomycota)伞菌纲(Agaricomycetes)真菌的相对丰度显著高于抗倒春寒性弱的XM。多样性分析结果显示,倒春寒胁迫对小麦根际土壤真菌群落多样性与丰富度影响显著,同时显著影响不同生态功能群的占比,XM_T2的菌群更为丰富。综上,倒春寒胁迫降低了开花期小麦植株地上、地下部生物量的积累,同时显著改变了小麦根际真菌群落结构和多样性,影响程度随胁迫程度增强而加深且对XM影响大于YN。本研究从根际微生物角度为丰富小麦倒春寒致灾机理研究提供了新的见解。Due to global warming,late spring coldness is a major agrometeorological disaster frequently occurring in wheat production.The wheat yield can be reduced by 30%–50%in severe cases.Rhizosphere microorganisms endow wheat with stress resistance,and variations in their community structures and ecological functions reflect the adaptability of wheat to environmental changes.Studying the impact of late spring coldness on the structure and diversity of fungal communities in the rhizosphere soil of wheat is important for understanding the disaster mechanisms of wheat in response to late spring coldness.This study used wheat cultivars of‘Xinmai 26’(XM,sensitive to late spring coldness)and‘Yannong 19’(YN,resistant to late spring coldness)as experimental subjects.A pot experiment was conducted to artificially simulate late spring coldness during the anther differentiation period(a sensitive stage)of young ear differentiation of wheat.With 10℃as the control treatment(CK),two low-temperature stress treatments were set at 2℃(T1)and−2℃(T2).The rhizosphere soil was collected at the wheat flowering stage,and changes in the fungal community structure and diversity in the rhizosphere soil of different wheat cultivars were determined by the Illumina high-throughput sequencing platform.Additionally,the aboveground and belowground biomass of the wheat plants were measured,and the root-to-shoot ratio was calculated.Compared with CK,the aboveground and belowground dry matter weight of the two wheat cultivars at the flowering stage under late spring coldness decreased by 1.65%−12.22%and 15.05%−35.49%,respectively,and the root-to-shoot ratio increased by 15.79%−36.08%,which had a greater effect on XM than YN.Late spring coldness significantly increased the relative abundance of Ascomycota but significantly decreased the relative abundance of Mortierellales,Mortierellaceae and Mortierella,with a greater decrease in XM as the degree of stress increased.For XM,in T2 treatment,the relative abundance of Mortierella decre

关 键 词：小麦 倒春寒 根系 根际土壤 真菌群落 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]