基于流域面源污染过程的“源-汇”景观格局分析研究进展  

Research progress in source-sink landscape pattern analysis based on non-point source pollution processes in watersheds

作　　者：王金亮 谭少军 李梦冰 倪九派[3] 周丙娟[1] WANG Jinliang;TAN Shaojun;LI Mengbing;NI Jiupai;ZHOU Bingjuan(School of Land Resources and Environment,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang 330045,China;Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Watershed Agricultural Resources and Ecology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs in China,Nanchang 330045,China;School of Resources and Environment,Southwest University,Chongqing 400716,China)

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学国土资源与环境学院,南昌330045 [2]农业农村部鄱阳湖流域农业资源与生态重点实验室,南昌330045 [3]西南大学资源与环境学院,重庆400716

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报（中英文）》2023年第10期1657-1667,共11页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42207416)资助。

摘　　要：“源-汇”景观理论被推荐为耦合景观格局与面源污染过程的有效途径,合理的“源-汇”景观格局配置有助于减少面源污染物输出,从而降低面源污染风险。论文分别从“源-汇”景观识别、“源-汇”景观格局分析,以及“源-汇”景观对面源污染物的影响3个方面,系统论述了基于面源污染过程的“源-汇”景观格局分析的研究进展。分析认为,针对基于面源污染过程的“源-汇”景观识别,目前研究主要停留在传统景观格局的意义上,需要考虑多要素的空间耦合关系和综合作用,来更好地判别特定面源污染过程的“源-汇”景观归属及其权重贡献。同时,针对“源-汇”景观格局分析,经典的景观空间负荷比指数只适合于环境背景比较相似的流域或地区,因此需要考虑量化更多的景观因子,并构建适合跨流域且具有可比性的“源-汇”景观指数,进而优化“源-汇”景观格局配置,降低流域景观生态安全风险。最后,“源-汇”景观格局研究所针对的主要面源污染物主要是氮磷等传统面源污染物,因此需要扩大“源-汇”景观格局对更多新型面源污染物的指示研究,为更深层次地研究流域景观格局与面源污染过程的耦合关系提供参考。Source-sink landscape theory is recommended as an effective way to couple landscape pattern and non-point source pollution processes.A reasonable source-sink landscape pattern layout aids in minimizing nonpoint source pollution risk by lowering nonpoint source pollution production.In this study,based on previous research results and literature reviews,advances in source-sink landscape pattern analysis based on non-point source pollution processes were systematically reviewed from three perspectives,in-cluding distinction of source-sink landscapes,quantization of source-sink landscape patterns,and the indication of source-sink landscapes to non-point source pollutants.To investigate the source-sink landscape based on non-point source pollution,the current research primarily maintains the sense of traditional landscape patterns,and it is necessary to consider spatial coupling relationships and comprehensive functions of multiple elements in order to better distinguish the source-sink landscape ownership in non-point source pollution processes.For analysis of source-sink landscape patterns,the classical location-weighted landscape contrast index is only suitable for watersheds or regions with similar environmental backgrounds.Therefore,it is necessary to consider quantifying more landscape factors to construct or improve the source and sink landscape pattern indices more comprehensively and then optimize the source-sink landscape pattern configuration and reduce risks to watershed landscape ecological security.Finally,the main non-point source pollutants in this study of source-sink landscape patterns were mainly traditional non-point source pollutants such as nitrogen and phosphorus.Therefore,it is necessary to expand source-sink landscape pattern analysis to indicate more non-point source pollutants in order to provide reference benchmarks for future research to better reflect coupling relationship between watershed landscape patterns and non-point source pollution processes.

关 键 词：“源-汇”景观 景观指数 景观格局 面源污染 

分 类 号：F323.22[经济管理—产业经济]