沼液施用对干旱胁迫下玉米幼苗生长和生理特性的影响  

Effects of Biogas Slurry Application on Physiological Characteristics and Growth of Maize Seedlings under Drought Stress

作　　者：杨建霞 毛宁[1,2] 张雪娟 魏丽娜[2] YANG Jianxia;MAO Ning;ZHANG Xuejuan;WEI Li na(Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Longdong Bio-resources in Gansu Province,Qingyang,Gansu 745000,China;College of Life Science and Technology,Longdong University,Qingyang,Gansu 745000,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省陇东生物资源保护利用与修复重点实验室,甘肃庆阳745000 [2]陇东学院生命科学与技术学院,甘肃庆阳745000

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2023年第8期1323-1331,共9页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：甘肃省自然科学基金项目(18JR3RM237);兰州大学“细胞活动与逆境适应教育部重点实验室”开放基金项目(lzujbky-2020-kb05);陇东学院青年科技创新项目博士研究专项(XYBE1602)。

摘　　要：为了探明干旱胁迫下沼液对玉米幼苗抗旱、光合生理、形态的缓解效应,以中度抗旱玉米杂交种‘先玉335’和较强抗旱杂交种‘中单2号’为材料,采用10%聚乙二醇-6000模拟干旱胁迫,研究50%沼液根部浇灌处理对干旱胁迫下玉米幼苗生长和生理特性的影响。结果表明,沼液根部施用可以显著提高两品种玉米的抗旱性,有效缓解干旱胁迫对玉米幼苗根系和地上部生长的抑制作用,促进两品种玉米幼苗生长和提高根系活力,降低根冠比,且‘先玉335’的变幅更大;同时显著提高两品种叶片SOD、POD和CAT活性以及可溶性糖、脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白含量(‘中单2号’的CAT除外),降低MAD含量,且对‘中单2号’的影响更显著;沼液根施还可以显著提高干旱胁迫下两品种叶片的净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr),降低气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO_(2)浓度(Ci),但‘中单2号’的Tr和Gs除外,同时使两品种叶片叶绿素含量和水分利用效率(WUE)均显著增加。可见,沼液根施处理可以有效改善干旱胁迫下玉米幼苗的光合能力,显著提高幼苗抗氧化酶活性和渗透调节物质的含量,减轻膜脂过氧化程度,有效缓解干旱胁迫对2种不同抗旱性玉米幼苗的生长抑制,从而增强玉米耐受干旱胁迫的能力,且对‘中单2号’的缓解效果更明显。In order to clarify the effect of biogas slurry on drought resistance,photosynthetic physiology,and morphology of maize seedling under drought stress,medium resistance-drought maize hybrids‘Xianyu 335’and highly resistant-drought maize hybrids‘Zhongdan 2’were used as materials,and the treatment of root irrigation with 50%biogas slurry under 10%PEG-6000 simulated drought stress was designed,to study the effects of biogas slurry on the growth and physiological characteristics of maize seedlings under drought stress.The results showed that 50%biogas slurry could significantly improve the drought resistance of two maize hybrids,reduce the inhibition of seedlings and root growth of two maize hybrids by drought stress,promote the growth and root activity of two maize hybrids seedling,while decrease the root-top ratio under drought stress,but that of‘Xianyu 335’maize inbred line were changed even more between them.Biogas slurry could significantly increase the activities of SOD,POD,and CAT,besides the CAT activity of‘Zhongdan 2’,moreover,further increase the content of soluble sugar,proline and soluble protein too,however,decrease the content of MDA in leaves of the two maize hybrids under drought stress,and those of‘Zhongdan 2’were changed even more.Biogas slurry could also significantly increase net photosynthetic rate(Pn)and transpiration rate(T_(r)),and decrease stomatal conductance(G_(s))and intercellular CO_(2)concentration(Ci)in leaves of two maize hybrids under drought stress,except for the Tr and Gs of‘Zhongdan 2’maize inbred line.By now biogas slurry significantly increased the chlorophyll content and water use efficiency(WUE)in leaves of two maize hybrids.It was concluded that 50%biogas slurry root irrigation treatment could effectively improve photosynthetic capacity of maize seedlings,significantly increase antioxidant enzyme activity and osmotic substances content,alleviate peroxidation of membrane lipid,reduce the inhibition of growth of seedlings of two maize hybrids by drought st

关 键 词：沼液 干旱胁迫 玉米 幼苗生长 生理特性 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] X712.3[环境科学与工程—环境工程]