基于同质园栽培的21种淫羊藿属植物花部特征的分类学意义  

Taxonomic Significance of Floral Traits of 21 Epimedium Species Based on Common Garden Cultivation

作　　者：易雪倩 何花 曾罗 舒为杰 杨晓琛 YI Xueqian;HE Hua;ZENG Luo;SHU Weijie;YANG Xiaochen(College of Biology and Environmental Sciences,Jishou University,Jishou,Hunan 416000,China)

机构地区：[1]吉首大学生物资源与环境科学学院,湖南吉首416000

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2023年第8期1415-1426,共12页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32100181);湖南省教育厅科学研究项目优秀青年项目(20B479);吉首大学引进人员科研资助项目。

摘　　要：以采自中国多地并同质园栽培于吉首大学种质资源圃的21种淫羊藿为研究材料,通过观测这些物种的花梗长、花直径、内萼片长宽、蜜距长、雌雄蕊长、花药长、花柱长、胚珠数、花粉大小及花粉量等16个花部特征数量性状和花序类型、有无蜜距、花瓣颜色、内萼片颜色、内萼片与花瓣相对长度及花粉颜色6个质量性状,并对其分类学意义进行探讨。结果表明,(1)21种淫羊藿内轮萼片花瓣状,4枚花瓣除无距淫羊藿外均特化成蜜距,但花部形态种间存在显著差异,尤其体现于花直径、内萼片长宽、蜜距长、雌蕊长、胚珠数、花粉量、花粉直径等特征。(2)主成分分析显示花直径、内萼片长、花药长、胚珠数和花粉直径等性状信息负荷量较大,在该属分类中起主要作用。(3)根据花部特征聚类分析,物种间区分良好,21物种可分为4支:第1支花小,花瓣短于内轮萼片,囊状距或兜状距;第2支花较大,花瓣远长于内轮萼片,长距状;第3支花小,花瓣没有特化形成蜜距;第4支花较小,花丝伸长明显,可达10 mm,花蜜距呈钻状。(4)依据所观察到的花部形态特征编写了淫羊藿属21种植物花部特征分种检索表。研究认为,基于同质园栽培下的淫羊藿属物种的花部特征具有分类学意义,可以为该属分类提供一定依据。21 species of Epimedium collected from China were used as study materials and common garden cultivated in Jishou University.We observed 16 floral quantitative traits including length of peduncle,diameter of flower,length and width of inner sepal,length of spur,pistil,stamen,anther and style,ovule number,diameter of pollen,pollen number and 6 floral quality traits such as inflorescence and spur type,relative length of inner sepal to petal,color of petal,inner sepal and pollen of these species.The taxonomic significance was discussed through these floral traits.The results showed that,(1)the inner sepals of 21 species of Epimedium were petaloid and 4 petals specialized spur(except for Epimedium ecalcaratum).There were significant differences in floral traits among species,especially reflected in diameter of flower,length and width of inner sepal,length of spur,length of pistil,ovule number,pollen number,diameter of pollen.(2)The results of principal component analysis showed that the information load of traits including diameter of flower,length of inner sepal,length of anther,ovule number and diameter of pollen were larger,which played a major role in the classification of this genus.(3)The cluster analysis indicated that the 21 species could be divided into 4 clades:The flowers of Clade 1 were small,which petals were shorter than the inner sepals,and spurs were saccular or pocket.The flowers of Clade 2 were large,its petals were much longer than the inner sepals,and spurs were long.The flowers of Clade 3 were small,and the petals were devoid of spurs.The flowers of Clade 4 were small,the filament was obviously elongated,up to 10 mm,and the spur was subulate.(4)Compiled a key for 21 species of Epimedium based on the floral traits.This study found that the floral traits of Epimedium species based on the common garden cultivation have taxonomic significance and can provide some basis for the classification of the genus.

关 键 词：淫羊藿属 同质园 花部特征 聚类分析 分类学意义 

分 类 号：Q949.746.8[生物学—植物学]