城市规模、服务业发展与流动女性就业  

City Size,Service Development and Female Mi rants Employment

作　　者：袁晓燕 施夏敏 石磊[3] YUAN Xiaoyan;SHI Xiamin;SHI Lei

机构地区：[1]上海大学经济学院,上海200444 [2]杭州银行嘉兴分行,浙江嘉兴314001 [3]复旦大学经济学院,上海200433

出　　处：《学术月刊》2023年第9期58-67,112,共11页Academic Monthly

基　　金：上海市哲学社会科学规划课题“代际流动性的地区差异:事实、机制及政策”(2019BJL003)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：为各类劳动人群提供尽可能充分的就业和增收机会,是中国创新发展的基本价值指向之一。基于《中国流动人口动态监测调查数据》及《中国城市统计年鉴》,可以研究流动女性迁入地城市规模对其进入服务业的影响及其可能的作用机制。实证结果表明:城市规模每扩大1%,流动人口(男性及女性)进入服务业的概率分别增加0.125%(0.098%及0.152%);虽然已婚流动女性进入服务业的概率显著低于单身流动女性,但是随着她们迁移目的地城市规模的增大,其增长速度显著快于单身流动女性,进入保洁和家政等低端服务业的概率显著快速增加,运用工具变量来解决内生性的结果也保持一致。其机制在于:城市规模扩大引致的收入效应导致家政服务需求增加,从而增加了低技能流动女性的就业机会。进一步改善和支持劳动力流动,既有助于服务业和就业水平的提升,也有利于提高社会竞业体系中性别平等和共享发展的程度。Providing the fullest possible opportunities for all types of working people to compete for jobs and increase their income is one of the basic values of our country's innovation development.Based on 2012—2018 China Migrants Dynamic Survey,this paper investigates the impact of the size of the cities to which migrants women enter into the service industry and its possible mechanisms.The empirical results show that for every 1%increase in city size,the probability of migrants,migrant men and women entering the service sector increases by 0.125%,0.098%and 0.152%,respectively.Although married migrants women are significantly less likely to enter the service sector than single migrants women,their probability increases significantly faster than single migrants women as their migration destination city size increases,especially their probability of entering low-end services such as cleaning and housekeeping increases significantly and rapidly,and the results of applying instrumental variables to address endogeneity remain consistent.The mechanism is that the income effect of urban expansion leads to an increase in demand for domestic services,thus increasing employment opportunities for low-skilled migrants women.further improvements and support for labor mobility in the future will contribute to both the improvement of the service industry and employment levels,as well as to the improvement of gender equality and shared development in the social competition system.

关 键 词：城市规模 服务业发展 流动女性 性别平等 

分 类 号：F24[经济管理—劳动经济]