清代地方大员会奏列衔问题  

Study on the Signature of Memorials in the Qing Dynasty

作　　者：刘文华[1] LIU Wenhua(The First Historical Archives of China,Beijing 100062,China)

机构地区：[1]中国第一历史档案馆编研处,北京100062

出　　处：《档案学通讯》2023年第5期78-87,共10页Archives Science Bulletin

摘　　要：奏折列衔与清代地方大员自主奏事权息息相关。按例,地方寻常事件,主管官员可自行具奏;涉及钱粮等较重要的事件,则相关官员需会奏,包括会前衔和会后衔,其中,“特旨交办事件”及“事属改制”的重大事件,相关官员需会前衔具奏。但是,在实际执行中,会后衔往往有名无实,尤其是隔省大员之间,更是如此。而官员对于会前衔的处理,则往往较为郑重。会奏是清廷用以保持地方大员互相牵制、制衡的重要机制,而对于各地方大员来说,会后衔往往意味着能自主其事,会前衔则会遭到掣肘。The signature of memorials in the Qing Dynasty was closely related to the officials’autonomy of submitting memorials.According to the regulations,the officials in charge could make their own reports on ordinary local events;if more important events such as money and grain were involved,the relevant officials should sign at the beginning of or at the end of the memorials,among which,for the major events of“specially assigned events”and“events of restructuring”,the relevant officials should sign at the beginning of memorials.However,in the actual implementation,Houxian was often nominal but not real,especially which happened between near provinces.officials tended to be more solemn in dealing with Qianxian.Huizou was the important mechanisms used by the Qing government to maintain the balance of power between local governors.For the local officials,Houxianoften meant that they could be independent,but Qianxian would be constrained.

关 键 词：奏折 会前衔 会后衔 奏事权 督抚关系 

分 类 号：C931.46[经济管理—管理学]