大宗风电退役风机叶片资源化回收利用技术研究进展  

Research progress on resource recycling technology of retired wind turbine blades in bulk wind power plants

作　　者：马文静 张宇彤 杨春振 胡中发 王中权 孙锦余 谭厚章[1] 王学斌[1] MA Wenjing;ZHANG Yutong;YANG Chunzhen;HU Zhongfa;WANG Zhongquan;SUN Jinyu;TAN Houzhang;WANG Xuebin(School of Energy and Power Engineering,Xi′an Jiaotong University,Xi′an710049,China;Southern Offshore Wind Power Joint Development Co.,Ltd.,Zhuhai519000,China;Guoneng(Shandong)Energy&Environment Co.,Ltd.,Jinan250000,China;College of Energy,Soochow University,Suzhou215006,China;Nan Dian Energy Comprehensive Utilization Co.,Ltd.,Guangzhou510000,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学能源与动力工程学院,陕西西安710049 [2]南方海上风电联合开发有限公司,广东珠海519000 [3]国能(山东)能源环境有限公司,山东济南250000 [4]苏州大学能源学院,江苏苏州215006 [5]南电能源综合利用股份有限公司,广东广州510000

出　　处：《洁净煤技术》2023年第10期17-26,共10页Clean Coal Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划政府间国际科技创新合作资助项目(2021YFE0107300);陕西省杰出青年基金资助项目(2021JC-03)。

摘　　要：2020年我国提出“碳中和”目标后,我国风力发电呈爆发式增长,风机叶片的需求越来越大,同时大规模风电机组逐渐开始退役,预计到2040年我国累计退役风机叶片达到288万t。由于风机叶片所用材料较复杂,对其进行资源化回收利用仍是一项挑战。为此介绍了风机叶片的制造特点及其废弃物来源、处理必要性等,并从环境影响和产物价值等方面详细阐述现有处理技术。结果表明:目前对风机叶片的处理方式主要有机械处理、填埋处理、化学溶解处理、焚烧处理和热解处理等,其中焚烧处理包括焚烧发电及水泥窑协同处置;根据退役风机叶片特点及处理方法的优缺点,结合当前我国实际情况,建议优先发展水泥窑协同处置法,风机叶片中的可燃成分燃烧为水泥烧结提供能量,而玻璃纤维等固体残渣则作为熟料水泥原材料,该方法可将退役风机叶片最大化资源化利用,但应合理控制掺混比例;此外可适当发展热解处理法,可彻底处理退役风机叶片,具有减容、减量、资源化等优点,但处理成本较高,热解产物难以再利用,因此,提高风机叶片热解处理的经济效益关键在于充分发挥热解产物的价值,降低处理成本。After putting forward the goal of"carbon neutrality"in 2020,wind power generation in China has shown explosive growth,with the increasing demand for fan blades.At the same time,large-scale wind turbines have gradually begun to retire.It is expected that the cumulative number of retired wind turbine blades in China will reach 2.88 million tons by 2040.Because of the complexity of the materials used in the blades,resource recovery and utilization remains a challenge.The manufacturing characteristics of blades,the source of waste,the necessity of treatment were introduced,and the treatment technologies from the aspects of environmental impact and product value were elaborated.The research results show that the current treatment methods for blades include mechanical treatment,landfill treatment,chemical dissolution treatment,incineration treatment and pyrolysis treatment,among which incineration treatment includes incineration power generation and collaborative disposal of cement kiln.Finally,according to the characteristics of retired wind turbine blades and the advantages and disadvantages of treatment methods,and combined with the current actual situation in China,it is recommended to give priority to the development of collaborative disposal of cement kiln.The combustion of combustible components in the wind turbine blades can provide energy for cement sintering,while solid residues such as glass fiber are used as clinker cement raw materials.This method can maximize the resource utilization of the retired wind turbine blades,but the mixing ratio should be reasonably controlled.In addition,the pyrolysis treatment method can be properly developed to completely treat retired wind turbine blades,with the advantages of capacity reduction,volume reduction and resource recovery.But treatment cost is high,and pyrolysis products are difficult to reuse.Therefore,the key to improving the economic benefits of pyrolysis treatment is to give full play to the value of pyrolysis products and reduce treatment costs.

关 键 词：退役风机叶片 复合材料 水泥窑协同处置 热解 

分 类 号：TB333[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程] TK83[动力工程及工程热物理—流体机械及工程]