典型医疗废弃物热解行为及产物特性  

Pyrolysis behavior of typical medical waste and its product characteristics

作　　者：雷苏 李爱军[2] 吴扬威 姚洪[1] 张桐 胡红云[1] LEI Su;LI Aijun;WU Yangwei;YAO Hong;ZHANG Tong;HU Hongyun(State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan430074,China;School of Energy and Power Engineering,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan430074,China)

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学煤燃烧国家重点实验室,湖北武汉430074 [2]华中科技大学能源与动力工程学院,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《洁净煤技术》2023年第10期116-125,共10页Clean Coal Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上资助项目(52076092);国家自然科学基金青年科学基金资助项目(52106146)。

摘　　要：快速热解在生产能源产品和降低环境污染方面具有明显优势,因此被视为一种优良的医疗废弃物处理技术。采用GC-MS耦合LC-HRMS的表征方法,补充了医疗废弃物热解油中高沸点难挥发组分的检测空白,准确揭示了典型医疗废弃物热解产物的组分特性及其变化规律。结果表明,棉签棒热解以生成热解油与热解炭为主,二者产率均约40%,热解气以CO和CO_(2)为主,热解油以醛酮类、酸类和酚类物质为主,特征组分为山梨酸、3-(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)丙酸,随热解温度升高,CO、H_(2)及CH_(4)等可燃组分逐渐增加,醛酮类、酸类物质增加,酚类物质逐渐减少,其热解炭表面包含—OH、—CH_(x)、C=C、芳环骨架以及C—O等官能团或结构;口罩热解产物中热解油占比超过65%,基本无热解炭生成,在400℃热解程度很低,500℃时热解油产率达92.56%,600℃时约30%热解油转化为热解气,产物主要是C_(2)H_(2)和2,4-二甲基-1-庚烯,且部分烯烃会在较高温度下环化成甲苯等;手套热解油产率超60%,热解炭产率约20%,热解气以C_(1)~C_(2)烃类气体为主,热解油以烯烃和芳香烃为主,二者总量占比超过70%,D-柠檬烯是其特征组分,600℃时脂肪烃易环化生成芳香烃,其热解炭表面结构以芳环骨架为主,还有部分—OH。Fast pyrolysis has obvious advantages in producing energy products and reducing environmental pollution,so it is regarded as an excellent medical waste treatment technology.The characterization method of GC-MS coupled with LC-HRMS was used to supplement the detection blank of components with high boiling point in pyrolysis oil of medical waste,and the component characteristics and variation rules of pyrolysis products of typical medical waste were accurately revealed.It is found that the pyrolysis of cotton sticks mainly produces pyrolysis oil and char,with yields of about 40%.The pyrolysis gas is mainly composed of CO and CO_2,and the main components of oil are aldehydes,ketones,acids and phenols.The characteristic components of oil are sorbic acid and 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) propionic acid.With the increase of temperature,the components such as CO,H_2,CH_4,aldehydes,ketones and acids gradually increase,while phenols gradually decrease.The surface functional groups or structures of cotton sticks pyrolysis char include —OH,—CH_x,C=C,aromatic skeleton and C—O.The pyrolysis oil in the pyrolysis products of masks accounts for more than 65%,with almost no pyrolysis carbon generated.The pyrolysis degree of medical masks at 400 ℃ is very low.The yield of pyrolysis oil is as high as 92.56% at 500 ℃,and about 30% of pyrolysis oil is converted into pyrolysis gas at 600 ℃.The pyrolysis products of medical masks are mainly C_2H_(2) and 2,4-dimethyl-1-heptene,and some olefins will be cyclized into toluene at higher temperatures.The pyrolysis oil yield of rubber gloves is more than 60%,and the yield of char is about 20%.The pyrolysis gas of rubber gloves is mainly C_1-C_(2) hydrocarbons.The pyrolysis oil of rubber gloves is mainly composed of olefins and aromatic hydrocarbons,accounting for more than 70% of the total,and D-limonene is its characteristic component.At 600 ℃,aliphatic hydrocarbons are easily cyclized to aromatic hydrocarbons.The surface structures of rubber gloves pyrolysis char are mainly ar

关 键 词：医疗废弃物 快速热解 液质联用 热解行为 产物特性 

分 类 号：X799.5[环境科学与工程—环境工程]