艾森豪威尔政府对缅甸军事援助政策探析(1953—1960)  

The Eisenhower Administration's Military Assistance Policy toward Burma(1953-1960)

作　　者：李聪慧 LI Conghui

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学历史学系,200241

出　　处：《历史教学问题》2023年第4期111-121,211,212,共13页History Research And Teaching

基　　金：上海市社科规划年度青年课题“大国博弈与冷战时期英国南海诸岛政策研究(1945—1980年)”(2022ELS001)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：艾森豪威尔政府对缅甸的军事援助政策经历了从“英美合作”到“单独处理”再到“强化渗透”的三个阶段。1953年新一届美国政府坚持在英美合作框架下处理对缅甸的军援问题,但并未获得缅甸的理解与支持。随着1954年《英缅防卫协议》的终结和次年中缅边界冲突的发生,美国开始单独处理对缅军援事务,逐渐确立了通过警察援助维持缅甸政治稳定、通过军事援助增强缅甸军队战斗力的军援路线。1958年奈温领导的“看守内阁”上台,美国确立了利用援助加强对军方渗透的外交路线,以期在东西方对峙的格局中赢得缅甸的信任和支持。总的来看,美国对缅军事援助政策的调整不仅出于遏制中国发展和影响缅甸内政外交的双重考虑,还希望通过这一调整消除美国对缅军援政策和美国对缅政治目标之间的矛盾。The Eisenhower administration's military assistance policy toward Burma went through three stages from""Anglo-American cooperation"to""separate treatment"to"enhanced penetration".In 1953,the U.S.government insisted on handling military aid to Burma in the framework of Anglo-American cooperation,but it did not gain Burma's understanding and support.With the end of the Anglo-Burmese Defense Agreement in 1954 and the outbreak of the Sino-Burmese border conflict the following year,the U.S.began to deal with military aid to Burma separately,gradually establishing the policy of maintaining Burma's political stability through police aid and enhancing the military strength of the Burmese army through military aid.In 1958,the U.S.used the aid to strengthen its military infiltration in order to win Burma's trust and support in the East-West confrontation.In general,the adjustments of U.S.military assistancetoBurmawere not only motivated by the dual consideration of containing China's development and influencing Burma's domestic and foreign affairs,but also by the hope of eliminating the contradiction between U.S.military assistance policy and U.S.political goals for Burma.

关 键 词：艾森豪威尔 奈温 军事援助 警察援助 

分 类 号：K712.54[历史地理—历史学] K337.5[历史地理—世界史] E712[军事—军事理论] E337