管窥西洋镜——清末所见西安府城北院与南院衙署及其园林探微  

Through the Lens of the West:Historic Beiyuan-Yamen and Nanyuan-Yamen Government Offices and Gardens in Xi’an-fu City in the Late Qing Dynasty

作　　者：王瑞坤 Wang Ruikun

机构地区：[1]清华大学建筑学院,北京100084

出　　处：《建筑遗产》2023年第2期110-124,共15页Heritage Architecture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52278021.51738008);国家社会科学基金(22ZDA085);国家留学基金(201906260082)。

摘　　要：北院衙门与南院衙门是清代西安府城中规制最高的两座衙署建筑群,亦为1900年庚子国难时清室“西狩”的驻跸之所。虽然此二者故址今日仍为政府驻地,但其历史建筑已基本被当代建筑所取代。文章以发掘、研读、辨析清末至民国时期西方人的笔记、照片作为关键支撑,结合本土地方志,尝试梳理并厘清清末所见北院与南院衙门历代沿袭的历史脉络,初步解读其内部建筑及园林的格局状貌,分析其在塑造城市空间结构层面的作用。研究试图展示清代西安的衙署建筑类型,揭示西安城市发展的一个历史维度,并为清代衙署建筑及其园林研究提供一组案例。同时也希望为西安老城的建筑风貌、空间格局、文化脉络、身份定位的认知、保护和复兴提供参考。The Beiyuan-Yamen(North Government Office)and Nanyuan-Yamen(South Government Office)were the two highest-ranking government office complexes in Xi’an-fu City(capital city of Xi’an Prefecture)in the Qing Dynasty(1644–1912).They served as temporary residences during the Qing imperial court’s‘West Journey’(evacuation from Beijing to Xi’an,1900–1901)during the Gengzi-Guonan event(also called the Boxer Rebellion).Although their sites are still used as government offices today,the historic buildings have been replaced by contemporary structures.This article focuses on the Beiyuan-Yamen and Nanyuan-Yamen during the late Qing Dynasty,establishing their historical timelines,interpreting the buildings and gardens’formal characteristics and layouts,and analysing their role in shaping the urban spatial structure,through comprehensive exploration,scrutiny,and analysis of historical notes and photographs taken by Westerners,corroborating with local chorographies from the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China(1912–1949)era.The study aims to illustrate the architectural typology of government offices in Xi’an during the Qing Dynasty,reveal a historical dimension of Xi’an’s urban development,Through the Lens of the West:Historic Beiyuan-Yamen and Nanyuan-Yamen Government Offices and Gardens in Xi’an-fu City in the Late Qing Dynasty Wang Ruikun and present a case study of government offices and gardens in the Qing Dynasty.In doing so,this study contributes to the comprehension,protection,and revitalisation of historic architectural styles,spatial patterns,cultural context,and identity building of historic Xi’an.

关 键 词：西安 清室“西狩” 衙署建筑与园林 北院衙门 南院衙门 亮宝楼 城市空间结构 

分 类 号：TU-092[建筑科学—建筑理论] TU-098.1TU-098.2TU984.2