论法院对高校学术纠纷的实体审查  

On the Court's Substantive Review of Academic Disputes in Colleges and Universities

作　　者：廖吕有 LIAO Luyou

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学行政法学院

出　　处：《中国政法大学学报》2023年第5期218-231,共14页Journal Of CUPL

摘　　要：对于高校学术纠纷实体审查,存在支持与反对两种观点。主流观点认为学术纠纷只能“程序性审查”或“武断、恣意”审查,其存在理论瑕疵。实际上,结合美国司法实践的比较研究,实体性审查不等于实质性审查,更不等于代替高校作出判断,法院对于高校的尊重是有限的,法院并非只能在高校“武断、恣意”时才能进行实体审查,且美国已有大量实体审查先例。法院可以选择学术纠纷不同的实体问题(法律问题、事实问题和混合问题)作为切入点进行实体审查。随着审查的深入,司法对于学术自由和专业判断的介入不断增强,法院需要及时地减弱审查强度,匹配适当的审查标准,平衡好师生权益保护与高校学术自由之间的关系。There are two viewpoints for and against the substantive review of academic disputes in colleges.The mainstream view holds that academic disputes can only be reviewed"procedurally"or"arbitrarily and capriciously",which has theoretical flaws.In fact,according to the comparative study of judicial practice in the United States,substantive review is not equal to substantial review,let alone to make judgments on behalf of colleges.The court's respect for colleges is limited,and courts are not limited to substantive review when colleges are"arbitrary and capricious".What’s more there are plenty of precedents of substantive review in the United States.The court may choose the different substantive issues of the academic dispute,such as legal,factual and mixed questions,as the entry point for substantive review.As the review deepens and judicial involvement in academic freedom and professional judgment grows,courts need to timely reduce the intensity of the review,match the appropriate review standards,and balance the relationship between the the rights and interests of faculties and students and the academic freedom of colleges.

关 键 词：学术纠纷 实体审查 专业判断 

分 类 号：D922[政治法律—法学]