境外追逃领域外交承诺政治约束力说的理论补进与路径走向  

Theoretical Supplement and Pathway of the Theory of Political Binding Force of Diplomatic Commitments in the Field of Overseas Fugitive Repatriation

作　　者：李淑兰 张奕然 LI Shulan;ZHANG Yiran(Criminal Justice School,Zhongnan University of Economics and Law,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学刑事司法学院,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《合肥工业大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第5期83-94,共12页Journal of Hefei University of Technology(Social Sciences)

基　　金：中南财经政法大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(202250701)。

摘　　要：外交承诺是否具备约束力,以及约束力是何种性质,在理论上一直备受争议,存在约束力否认说、法律约束力说与折中说等观点。外交承诺具有的是政治属性的约束力,在一定条件下国内法律与引渡条约可以为其附加一定的法律约束力。政治约束力说的理论应从政治约束力的依据、政治约束力的非意志性特征以及其对承诺可信度造成的影响三方面进行补充和完善。我国的外交承诺具有较强的政治约束力,《中华人民共和国引渡法》第50条与部分双边引渡条约为我国的外交承诺附加一定的法律约束力。外交承诺的政治约束力性质造成其在实践中人权保护效果的弱化,可以通过在引渡条约中强化承诺的约束效力、构筑被请求国作为主体介入监督的监督机制以及以多重因素综合评估承诺可信度的方式,来补强外交承诺的实际约束效力,实现对被引渡人人权的有效保护。Whether diplomatic commitments are binding and the nature of the binding force have been controversial in theory,and there are views such as denial of binding force,legal binding force,and compromise.Diplomatic commitments are binding in a political sense,and domestic laws and extradition treaties can attach a certain legal binding force to them under certain conditions.The theory of political binding force should be supplemented and improved from three aspects:the basis of political binding force,the non-volitional characteristics of political binding force,and its impact on the credibility of the commitment.China’s diplomatic commitments have strong political binding force,and the Article 50 of the Extradition Law of the People’s Republic of China and some bilateral extradition treaties attach a certain legal binding force to China’s diplomatic commitments.The politically binding nature of diplomatic commitments causes the weakened effect of human rights protection in practice.The actual binding effect of diplomatic commitments can be supplemented by strengthening the binding effect of commitments in extradition treaties,constructing a monitoring mechanism in which the requested state intervenes as the main body to supervise,and assessing the credibility of commitments with multiple factors to achieve effective protection of human rights of the extradited person.

关 键 词：外交承诺 政治约束力说 境外追逃 

分 类 号：D997.9[政治法律—刑法学]