震源和水听器沉放深度对单道地震勘探的影响  

Effect of the sinking depth of the source and hydrophone on single-channel seismic exploration

作　　者：张匡华 韩孝辉 钟宙灿 仝长亮 傅人康 王嘉琳 ZHANG Kuanghua;HAN Xiaohui;ZHONG Zhoucan;TONG Changliang;FU Renkang;WANG Jialin(Hainan Key Laboratory of Marine Geological Resources and Environment,Haikou 570206,Hainan,China;Marine Geological Survey Institute of Hainan Province,Haikou 570206,Hainan,China;Hainan Geological Survey and Design Institute,Haikou 570206,Hainan,China;Hainan Geology Detection and Research Centre,Haikou 570206,Hainan,China)

机构地区：[1]海南省海洋地质资源与环境重点实验室,海南海口570206 [2]海南省海洋地质调查院,海南海口570206 [3]海南省地质综合勘察院,海南海口570206 [4]海南省地质测试研究中心,海南海口570206

出　　处：《地震工程学报》2023年第5期1017-1025,共9页China Earthquake Engineering Journal

基　　金：海南省海洋地质资源与环境重点实验室自主课题(HNHYDZZYHJZZ003);琼州海峡潮流沙脊动力地貌过程研究及稳定性评估(422RC800)。

摘　　要：为研究震源和水听器电缆沉放深度对单道地震勘探的影响,建立鬼波影响模型,采用雷克子波模拟震源子波,分析因震源及水听器电缆沉放深度产生的鬼波对一次有效反射地震波的影响,并采用不同震源和水听器电缆沉放深度的数据对本次研究结论进行验证。研究表明:地震剖面分辨率和震源及水听器电缆沉放的总深度呈反比;随着震源或水听器电缆沉放深度的增加,地震剖面的分辨率递减,接收地震波能量从低值递增到最大值,再从最大值缓慢降低到稳定值;当水听器电缆沉放深度小于168.8/f(m)时,接收地震波能量随震源沉放深度变化的波动相对平缓,水听器电缆沉放深度浅有利于地震波的一致性,但沉放深度过浅时接收地震波能量将被极大削弱,会明显降低地震波的有效穿透深度;当震源沉放深度约为292.3/f(m)时,一次有效反射波的峰值和震源鬼波的峰值重叠,接收地震波能量最大;当震源沉放深度大于584.6/f(m)时,不考虑地震波能量在水中衰减的情况下,震源沉放深度继续增加对接收地震波能量的增加无效。In this study,to investigate the effect of the sinking depth of the source and receiver(hydrophone cable)on single-channel seismic exploration,a ghost wave influence model was developed.The Ricker wavelet was employed to simulate the source wavelet,and the impact of ghost waves,which arise as a result of the sinking depth of the source and receiver,on the primaries was analyzed.The conclusions were confirmed by the empirical data collected at different depths.The results exhibited that there exists an inverse correlation between the resolution of the seismic profile and the total depth of both the source and receiver.As the sinking depth of the source or hydrophone cable increases,the resolution of the seismic profile decreases,and the energy of the received seismic wave increases from a low value to the maximum value and then slowly decreases to a stable value.When the sinking depth of the hydrophone cable is less than 168.8/f(m),the fluctuation of the received seismic wave energy with the sinking depth of the source is relatively gentle.However,when the sinking depth is extremely small,the received seismic wave energy is greatly weakened,and the effective penetration depth of the seismic wave is substantially reduced.When the sinking depth of the source is approximately 292.3/f(m),the peak values of the primary and the source ghost wave overlap and the received seismic wave energy is the largest.When the sinking depth of the source is greater than 584.6/f(m),the increase in the sinking depth of the source has no impact on the increase in the received seismic wave energy if not considering the attenuation of the seismic wave energy in the water.

关 键 词：单道地震 雷克子波 鬼波 沉放深度 峰值重叠 

分 类 号：P714[天文地球—海洋科学] P315.9