虚拟解剖在法医学死因鉴定中的应用  

Application of Virtual Anatomy in Identifi cation of Death Cause

作　　者：赵建[1] 杜宇坤 牛勇 ZHAO jian;DU Yukun;NIU Yong(Guangzhou Forensic Science Institute&Key Laboratory of Forensic Pathology,Ministry of Public Security,Guangzhou 510442,China;School of Forensic Medicine,Southern Medical University,Guangzhou 510515,China;Criminal Investigation Department,Ministry of Public Security,Beijing 100741,China)

机构地区：[1]广州市刑事科学技术研究所,法医病理学公安部重点实验室,广州510442 [2]南方医科大学法医学院,广州510515 [3]公安部刑事侦查局,北京100741

出　　处：《刑事技术》2023年第5期531-536,共6页Forensic Science and Technology

基　　金：广州市科技计划(2019030001、2019030011、2019030012);公安部科技强警基础工作专项(2020GABJC38)。

摘　　要：死因鉴定是法医学的重要任务之一,也是案事件定性的关键。尸体解剖是死因鉴定的最常用方法,该方法属有创性检验,易破坏组织器官形态,影响法医对损伤、疾病等组织学改变的观察,可造成死因鉴定偏差。虚拟解剖是交叉融合法医学与影像学技术发展起来的一项新技术,利用影像学技术获取尸体表面及内部信息,可构建人体器官组织断面及三维图像,为判断死亡原因、分析损伤机制等提供证据,属非侵入性解剖方式,具有无创性、客观性、高效性、可保存性等特点。虚拟解剖已在机械性损伤死亡、交通事故死亡、窒息死亡、疾病死亡、高低温损伤死亡等方面显现出独特的优势。本文对虚拟解剖在法医死因鉴定中的应用及其优缺点等进行综述,旨在为法医同行开展相关工作提供参考。Identifi cation of the cause of death is one of the essential tasks in forensic medicine.It is also the key for us to identify the nature of the case.An autopsy is a traditional method applied to fi nd evidence of different causes of death.However,the traditional autopsy would damage the morphology of tissues and organs,affecting the morphological changes of injuries and diseases and leading to a bias in identifying the cause of death.Virtopsy is a novel technique developed in recent years.It is an amalgamation of forensic medicine and medical imaging.It has been known as a non-invasive autopsy method that uses imaging technology to obtain the surface and internal imaging information of the corpse to construct threedimensional images of human organs and tissues,which provides imaging evidence to determine the cause of death,with the characteristics of non-invasiveness,objectivity,high effi ciency,and storability.Virtopsy has been used to identify mechanical injury,traffi c injury,asphyxia,disease,thermal injury,and so on.This paper reviews the application of virtopsy in identifying the cause of death and analyzes its advantages and disadvantages.We hope it will be the reference for forensic experts to determine the cause of death.

关 键 词：法医学 虚拟解剖 尸体解剖 死因 电子计算机断层扫描(CT) 核磁共振成像(MRI) 

分 类 号：D919.4[医药卫生—法医学]