歼击机与运输机飞行员颈椎功能、核心稳定性及核心力量初步研究  

A pilot study of cervical spine function,core stability and strength on fighter pilots and transport pilots

作　　者：叶超群 杨一卓 刘帅 凌梦钰 刘珺 王禹水 殷毅 张向阳 YE Chaoqun;YANG Yizhuo;LIU Shuai;LING Mengyu;LIU Jun;WANG Yushui;YIN Yi;ZHANG Xiangyang(Departmentof Rehabilitation Medicine,Air Force Medical Center,Air Force Medical University,PLA,Bejing 100142;General Demonstration Research Department of Aerospace Medicine,Air Force Medical Center,Air Force Medical University,PLA,Bejing 100142;Editorial Department of Periodicals,Air Force Medical Center,Air Force Medical University,PLA Bejing 100142,China)

机构地区：[1]空军军医大学空军特色医学中心康复医学科,北京100142 [2]空军军医大学空军特色医学中心研究部空天医学总体论证研究室,北京100142 [3]空军军医大学空军特色医学中心研究部期刊编辑部,北京100142

出　　处：《空军航空医学》2023年第4期289-293,共5页AVIATION MEDICINE OF AIR FORCE

摘　　要：目的调查比较歼击机与运输机飞行员颈椎功能、核心稳定性及核心力量情况,为强化其脊柱功能、预防颈腰痛提供理论参考。方法对2020年8月-12月在西部某疗养院疗养的38名歼击机飞行员和18名运输机飞行员的颈椎功能、核心稳定性及核心力量进行测试,并对比分析2组测试结果。结果2组飞行员一般情况比较差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05);歼击机组颈痛11例(28.9%),腰痛15例(39.5%);运输机组颈痛4例(22.2%),腰痛7例(38.9%)。2组飞行员颈部浅层肌肉最大等长肌力比较,歼击机组飞行员颈左上旋肌力、颈左下旋肌力高于运输机组(t=2.115、2.289,P=0.039、0.026),其他肌力评分差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。核心稳定性和力量比较,歼击机组右髋屈曲肌力、左右髋伸展、内收、外展肌力均高于运输机组(t=2.561、4.162、4.118、4.013、4.000、5.758、5.226,P=0.013、<0.001、<0.001、<0.001、<0.001、<0.001、<0.001)。颈深屈肌和腹横肌激活及耐力情况比较,歼击机组有11名(28.9%)飞行员、运输机组有8名(44.4%)飞行员无法激活颈深屈肌,歼击机组20名(52.7%),运输机组7名(38.9%)飞行员的颈深屈肌耐力降低。2组飞行员双侧髋屈/伸肌力比、左髋外旋/内旋肌肌力比、左髋外展/内收肌力比差异均有统计学意义(t=2.615、2.309、2.980、4.607,P=0.012、0.025、0.005、<0.001)耐力降低,2组飞行员颈深屈肌耐力各项测试值构成比差异无统计学意义(Z=-1.046,P=0.296);2组飞行员腹横肌耐力各项测试值构成比差异无统计学意义(Z=-0.924,P=0.355),但歼击机组22名(57.9%)、运输机组13名(72.2%)飞行员不会激活腹横肌,且2组分别有5名(13.1%)、1名(5.6%)飞行员腹横肌耐力降低。结论歼击机和运输机飞行员的颈深屈肌、核心肌肉失活,耐力降低现象突出。飞行员在平常的体能训练中,应加强颈深屈肌和核心稳定性练习及神经肌肉协调练习,以促进深部肌群和表浅�Objective To explore the difference in cervical spine function,core stability and strength between fighter pilots and transport pilots.Methods Thirty-eight fighter pilots and eighteen transport pilots in Air Force were enrolled.The cervical spine function,core stability and core strength were measured and compared.Results The difference in basic data of the two groups was not statistically significant(P>0.05).In the fighter pilot group,there were 11 pilots with neck pain(28.9%)and 15 with low back pain(39.5%),compared with 4(22.2%)and 7(38.9%)in the transport pilot group.In terms of superficial cervical muscles,the maximum isometric strength of the rotator muscle in the left upper neck and the left lower neck of fighter pilots was better than that of transport pilots(t=2.115,2.289,P<0.05),but that of other muscles in the two groups was not significantly different(P>0.05).As for core stability and strength,the maximum isometric strength of the right hip flexors,extension muscle in both hips,adduction muscle and abduction muscle in both hips were better in fighter pilots than in transport pilots(t=2.561,4.162,4.118,4.013,4.000,5.758,5.226,P=0.013,<0.001,<0.001,<0.001,<0.001,<0.001,<0.001).There was significant difference in the muscle strength ratio of flexors to extension muscles in both hips,external rotator muscles to inter rotator muscles in the left hip,abduction muscles to adduction muscles in the left hip(t=2.615,2.309,2.980,4.607,P=0.012,0.025,0.005,<0.001).In addition,there were 11(28.9%)and 8(44.4%)pilots respectively in the two groups who were unable to activate the deep cervical flexors,and 20(52.7%)and 7(38.9%)respectively with reduced endurance.However,there was no significant difference in the constituent ratio of endurance of deep cervical flexors between the two groups(Z=-1.046,P=0.296),as in the constituent ratio of endurance of transversus abdominis muscles(Z=-0.924,P=0.355).There were 22(57.9%)and 13(72.2%)pilots respectively unable to activate the transversus abdominis muscles,5(13.1%)and 1(5.6

关 键 词：非特异性颈痛 颈椎功能 核心稳定性 核心力量 飞行员 

分 类 号：R856.6[医药卫生—航空、航天与航海医学] R872.3[医药卫生—临床医学]