论美军海外军事基地及人员法律管辖冲突解决模式  

On the mode of conflict resolution of US overseas military bases and personnel legal jurisdiction

作　　者：罗恒 LUO Heng(Institute of Political Xi an Campus,National Defense University,Xi an 710000,Shanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民解放军国防大学政治学院西安校区,陕西西安710000

出　　处：《河南理工大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第5期23-32,共10页Journal of Henan Polytechnic University:Social Sciences

摘　　要：海外基地部署和运行中面临着国内法属人、保护管辖原则适用与驻在国国内法属地管辖原则适用冲突法律问题,其原因主要是驻在国领土主权原则与军事需求差异、军事基地与人员国际法律地位争议,以及国内法与驻在国法律规范之间不一致等。美军在解决其海外军事基地和人员法律管辖冲突上主要采取了两种模式,以《北约部队协定》为代表的分工管辖模式和驻日、驻韩美军地位协定为代表的派遣国优先管辖模式。相关模式在近年对驻在国领土主权的尊重程度都有所提升,平衡了驻在国与派遣国的军事利益,但并未从根本上改变美国与相关国家并不平等的驻军地位关系。美军在管辖冲突上的解决方式及运行情况可得出,必须在尊重驻在国领土主权的基础上,将海外基地国际地役的法律地位予以固定,通过平等谈判确定刑事、民事管辖分配,通过加强派遣国国内立法等方式解决管辖冲突。The deployment and operation of overseas bases are faced with the legal issues,which the domestic legal personality and the application of the principle of protective jurisdiction conflicts with the application of the principle of domestic legal territorial jurisdiction of the host country.The conflict of laws is the reason for that of application of the relevant principles,including the difference between the principles of territorial sovereignty and military needs of the host country,disputes over the international legal status of military bases and personnel,and inconsistencies between China s domestic law and the legal norms of the host country.The settlement of conflicts over the legal jurisdiction of the overseas military bases and personnel of the US military mainly includes the division of labor and jurisdiction represented by the“NATO Forces Agreement”and the priority jurisdiction of the agreements related to the status of US troops stationed in Japan and South Korea.In recent years,there has been more respect for the relevant models of the territorial sovereignty of the host country,balancing the military interests of the host country and the sending country,but it has not fundamentally changed the fact that the US and related countries have unequal military garrison relations.The us.military s solution and operation suggest that the solution to related problems must be based on respecting the territorial sovereignty of the host country,adhering to the power setting of international service.The principle of criminal and civil jurisdiction could be determined through equal deter determination domestic legislation of the sending country and the jurisdictional conflicts could be coordinated by.

关 键 词：美军 海外军事基地 驻在国 管辖冲突 

分 类 号：D997[政治法律—国际法学]