汉语“砍伐”义词的历时更替及原因  

The diachronic succession and its causes of the Chinese word for“lopping”

作　　者：刘昱鹭 LIU Yulu(School of Liberal Arts and Law,Henan Polytechnic University,Jiaozuo 454000,Henan,China)

机构地区：[1]河南理工大学文法学院,河南焦作454000

出　　处：《河南理工大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第6期92-98,共7页Journal of Henan Polytechnic University:Social Sciences

摘　　要：汉语中表示“用刀斧等工具砍断某物”的词语有很多,本文选择“伐、斫、砍”来看“砍伐”义语义场中词语的历时替代关系。自先秦至汉魏六朝时期,“伐”一直是表示“砍伐”义语义场的主导词。隋唐时期,“斫”在与“伐”激烈的竞争中一跃成为“砍伐”义语义场的主导词。明清时期,“砍”这一口语词替代“斫”成为该语义场新一代的主导词,这主要受市民需要、小说题材发展等因素影响。“砍伐”义语义场中三词历时更替的原因在于义项负担过重、词的语素化及求新机制。In Chinese,there are many words that mean“cutting something off with tools such as knives and axes”.This paper chooses“Fa(伐),Zhuo(斫),Kan(砍)”to explore the diachronic substitution of words in the semantic field of“lopping”.From the Pre-Qin Period to the Han,Wei and Six Dynasties,“Fa(伐)”has always been the dominant word in this semantic field.In the Sui and Tang Dynasties,“Zhuo(斫)”became the leading word in the semantic field of“lopping”in the fierce competition with“Fa(伐)”.In Ming and Qing Dynasties,the word“Kan(砍)”replaced“Zhuo(斫)”as the new dominant word of this semantic field,which was mainly influenced by the needs of the citizens and the development of novel themes.The reasons for the diachronic replacement of three words in the semantic field of“lopping”lie in too much commitment of meanings,the morphemization of words and the novel mechanism.

关 键 词：伐 斫 砍 历时更替 演变原因 汉语 砍伐 

分 类 号：H1[语言文字—汉语]