我国稀缺性战略金属资源保供稳供问题的思考——以钽、铌、铬、钴为例  

Thinking on the Problem of Stable supply of Scarce Strategic Metal Resources in China——Take Tantalum,Niobium,Chromium and Cobalt for Example

作　　者：左更 ZUO Geng(China Minmetals Corporation,Beijing 100010,China)

机构地区：[1]中国五矿集团有限公司,北京100010

出　　处：《中国国土资源经济》2023年第9期4-13,23,共11页Natural Resource Economics of China

基　　金：国资委中央企业智库联盟课题《中国稀缺战略性金属矿产资源保供稳供问题的思考与建议》。

摘　　要：我国的稀缺金属是指因自然禀赋造成的矿产资源富集于全球某一国家或地区而我国十分稀少的金属品种,这些金属在我国经济高质量发展过程中至关重要,在部分关键应用领域是不可或缺或无可替代的。文章具体分析了钽、铌、铬、钴四种金属的供需形势,指出:我国稀缺金属面临的最大威胁是高对外依存下的单一集中来源供给,因而任何来自资源国的不可抗力或突发事件均可造成我国相关资源的短供或断供。相比欧美日等发达国家,我国在稀缺金属资源保供稳供方面存在着较大的差距。未来,中国经济高质量发展的要求,将使稀缺金属的消费在较长时间内保持绝对数量的高位。为切实有效提高我国稀缺金属资源保供稳供能力,必须制定周密的收储策略,强化收储,力保资源稳定;必须大力帮扶我国海外相关资源开发企业,保障中资企业相关海外资源的平稳产出;必须大力推进稀缺金属产业链供给侧改革,避免低效无效产能对资源的占用;必须以科技研发促进产业升级,全方位提高我国参与全球金属矿产资源的治理能力。China's scarce metals refer to the mineral resources enriched in one country or region in the world due to natural endowment,and China has very rare varieties of these metals.These metals are crucial to the process of high-quality economic development in China,and are indispensable or irreplaceable in some key application fields.This paper analyzes the supply and demand situation of tantalum,niobium,chromium and cobalt,and points out that the greatest threat to the scarce metals in China is the single concentrated source supply under the high external dependence,so any force majeure or unexpected events from the resource host countries can cause the short or cut off supply of related resources in China.Compared with developed countries such as Europe,America and Japan,China have a larger gap in the supply of scarce metal resources.In the future,the requirements of high-quality development of China's economy will keep the consumption of scarce metals at a high absolute level for a long term.To effectively improve the ability of stable supply of scarce metal resources in China,it is necessary to formulate a thorough strategy of collection and storage,strengthen collection and storage,and strive to ensure the stability of resources;we have to help a lot to China's overseas resource development enterprises and ensure the smooth and steady output of Chinese-funded enterprises'overseas resources;we have to help a lot to promote the supply-side reform of the scarce metal industry chain to avoid the occupation of resources by inefficient and ineffective production capacity;we have to help a lot to promote industrial upgrading with scientific and technological research and development,and comprehensively improve China's ability to participate in the governance of global metal mineral resources.

关 键 词：稀缺金属 战略金属 钽 铌 铬 钴 供给侧改革 

分 类 号：F407.1[经济管理—产业经济] F062.1