水产动物弧菌病及其生物防治研究进展  

Progress in research on vibriosis and biological control in animals in aquaculture:a review

作　　者：邓益琴 DENG Yiqin(Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation&Utilization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Guangzhou 510300,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所农业农村部南海渔业资源开发利用重点实验室,广东广州510300

出　　处：《大连海洋大学学报》2023年第4期553-563,共11页Journal of Dalian Ocean University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31902415);广州市科技计划项目(202201010162);中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费资助(2022GH03);中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(2021SD15)。

摘　　要：弧菌病是水产养殖动物主要细菌病之一,对鱼、虾、蟹和贝类等均会造成危害,研究病害防治技术对推动水产养殖可持续发展具有重要意义。弧菌病防治手段主要有以抗生素为代表的药物防治、以疫苗为代表的免疫防治及以益生菌为代表的生物防治。其中,生物防治是利用物种间的相互关系,以一种或一类生物或其衍生物抑制另一种或另一类生物的方法,其可在养殖全过程进行疾病的广谱预防和控制,且对环境和食品安全影响小,是具有巨大潜力的防治技术。目前,水产养殖中弧菌病的生物防治手段主要有益生菌及其相关产品、药用植物和噬菌体。本文在总结水产动物弧菌病病原学、流行病学、发病机制和诊断方法的基础上,主要从防治技术的种类、机制和应用等方面综述了水产养殖动物弧菌病的生物防治研究进展,并提出在深入探究生物防治作用机制、作用模式的同时,确保环境友好并高质高效推动其商业化发展等未来重点研究方向,以期为水产养殖动物弧菌病的生物防治研究提供科学参考。Vibriosis as one of the main bacterial diseases in aquaculture,is causing harm to fish,shrimp,crabs,and shellfish,and development of its control techniques is of great significance for promoting sustainable development of aquaculture.The control methods of vibriosis mainly include drug,immune,and biological control,which are respectively represented by antibiotics,vaccines,and probiotics.Basing on the relationship between species,biological control is the method of inhibiting another organism or class of organisms by using an organism or class of organisms or their derivatives.It can carry out broad-spectrum disease control throughout the entire breeding process with little effect on the environment and food safety,which is a promising control technology.Currently,the biological control methods of vibriosis in aquaculture primarily include probiotics,medicinal plants,and bacteriophages.Based on the introduction of the etiology,epidemiology,pathogenesis and diagnosis of vibriosis in aquatic animals,we review the research on biological control of vibriosis in aquaculture animals from the aspects of control types,control mechanisms and applications of control technology.In addition,the main direction of future research on biological control of vibriosis is proposed:while deeply exploring its mechanism and mode of action,ensure environmental friendliness,high quality and efficiency,and promote its commercial development,thus to provide scientific reference for biological control of vibriosis in aquaculture.

关 键 词：水产动物 弧菌病 生物防治 防治机制 

分 类 号：S943[农业科学—水产养殖]