巴沙鱼低眼巨鲶胚胎和仔稚鱼发育观察及其生长模型的确定  

Embryonic development and growth of larval and juvenile basa fish striped catfish(Pangasianodon hypophthalmus)and the determination of growth model

作　　者：倪未 陈海港 刘晓莉 于凌云[1] 李伟[1] 洪孝友[1] 刘毅辉[1] 朱新平[1,2] NI Wei;CHEN Haigang;LIU Xiaoli;YU Lingyun;LI Wei;HONG Xiaoyou;LIU Yihui;ZHU Xinping(Key Laboratory of Tropical&Subtropical Fishery Resource Application&Cultivation,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Guangzhou 510380,China;College of Life Science and Fisheries,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院珠江水产研究所农业农村部热带亚热带水产资源利用与养殖重点实验室,广东广州510380 [2]上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海201306

出　　处：《大连海洋大学学报》2023年第4期584-592,共9页Journal of Dalian Ocean University

基　　金：中国水产科学研究院院级基本科研业务费专项(2020XT11);广东省现代农业产业技术体系创新团队建设项目(2019KJ150);中国-东盟海上合作基金资助(CAMC-2018F)。

摘　　要：为研究巴沙鱼低眼巨鲶(Pangasianodon hypophthalmus)(亲鱼体质量为4.0~8.0 kg)胚胎发育和仔稚鱼发育特点,采用干法授精获得受精卵,观察其胚胎发育和仔稚鱼发育时序特征,并在生化培养箱(SPM-50)进行了不同盐度、温度对其胚胎发育的影响试验。结果表明:低眼巨鲶卵为黏性卵、透明,卵径为(1.60±0.23)mm;在水温为(30±0.5)℃时,其胚胎历经受精卵期、卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠期、神经胚期、器官形成期和孵出期7个阶段(共23个发育时期),22 h开始孵出仔鱼,28 h后全部孵出,初孵仔鱼全长为(4.38±0.23)mm;在不同温度和盐度下的孵化试验显示,最佳孵化水温为27~30℃,在此温度下的孵化率最高(49.35%~44.33%),最适盐度为0,在此盐度下的孵化率最高(54.33%),随着盐度的升高,孵化率逐渐降低;在水温为(30±0.5)℃条件下,初孵仔鱼的生长发育历经前期仔鱼(0~2 d)、后期仔鱼(3~16 d)、稚鱼期(17~29 d)和幼鱼期(30 d);初孵仔鱼出膜后第3天卵黄囊完全消失。研究表明,低眼巨鲶孵化期短,最佳孵化温度为27~30℃,最适盐度为0,是典型的热水性淡水鱼类;仔鱼前期生长较慢,20 d后开始增速,属于快速生长的鱼类。To elaborate embryonic development and growth of larval and juvenile basa fish striped catfish(Pangasianodon hypophthalmus),the fertilized eggs were obtained from spawners with body weight of 4.0-8.0 kg by hormone injection and artificial insemination and the developmental characteristics of the embryos were observed.The effects of water temperature[(24±0.5),(27±0.5),(30±0.5),and(33±0.5)]℃and salinity of 0,2,4,6,8,10,11,and 12 on the embryonic development were investigated in a biochemical incubator(SPM-50).The fertilized eggs are transparent viscid egg with diameter of(1.60±0.23)mm,and the embryonic development process was divided into 7 stages at water temperature of(30±0.5)℃,including fertilized egg,cleavage,blastula,gastrula,neurula,organogenesis and hatching(totally 23 developing periods).It began to hatch after 22 hours at water temperature of(30±0.5)℃,and all hatched in 28 hours.The newly hatched larvae had total length(TL)of(4.38±0.23)mm at the water temperature of(30±0.5)℃.It was found that 27℃to 30℃was of the optimum incubation water temperature,with the maximal hatching rate from 49.35%to 44.33%,and that 0 of the optimum salinity,with the maximal hatching rate of 54.33%.It was found that as the salinity increased,the hatching rate gradually decreased.Under the condition of water temperature at(30±0.5)℃,the striped catfish as a tropical fish grew and developed into the fingerling stages(30 d)via the pre-larvae(0-2 d),post larvae(3-16 d),and juvenile(17-29 d).The yolk sac was exhausted completely on the third day post hatching,with a short incubation period.The finding indicates that the striped catfish has a short incubation period and is typical warm-water freshwater fish.The optimal hatching temperature was found to be 27 to 30℃,and the most suitable salinity was 0.The larvae and juveniles exhibited slow growth in the early stages,but after 20 days,they started to grow rapidly,classifying them as fast-growing fish.

关 键 词：低眼巨鲶 胚胎发育 仔稚鱼 温度 生长 

分 类 号：S965.1[农业科学—水产养殖]