卷轴本《玉篇》止摄韵的可视化与量化  

Visualization and Quantification of the Phonetic Features and Phonological Properties of Zhishe(止摄)Rhymes in the Scroll Edition of Yupian

作　　者：姜永超 Jiang Yongchao

机构地区：[1]燕山大学文法学院,河北秦皇岛066004

出　　处：《南京师范大学文学院学报》2023年第3期30-42,共13页Journal of School of Chinese Language and Culture Nanjing Normal University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中、日、韩汉语音义文献集成与汉语音义学研究”(19ZDA318)。

摘　　要：计量及可视化方法对卷轴本《玉篇》止摄韵的系统对比研究有重要意义。首先,实现从韵类系统角度衡量止摄韵及其相关韵,借助参照点考察止摄相关韵在整个韵类系统中的亲疏程度和分合;量化方式客观准确地揭示止摄韵在整个韵类中特征,通过经验值与显著性检验对比,突破单一研究方法的局限性。其次,量化与可视化结合,发现一些新的语音特征:(1)止摄内,支微独立、脂之两韵在99%的概率上合为一类,而且,之韵与脂韵C类关系最近,与脂韵D类关系最远;(2)支脂两韵D类与C类关系最近,支韵CD类与脂韵C类语音关系较近,脂韵D类与微韵、之韵与微韵等偶混;(3)支脂之微四韵开合有别,存在唇音反切上字和圆唇主元音结尾反切上字定开合的混切,《广韵》均为开合同切;(4)止蟹臻摄混切未改变三摄独立格局,微迄两韵可合,微迄物三韵语音相关,三摄混切涉及四个等和四个调类;(5)精章日来属于重纽C类,庄知属于重纽B类,与以《王三》为代表的中古音系略有不同。卷轴本《玉篇》止摄韵的特点反映中古前期读书音的共同音系特征,同时,在语言接触和历时发展过程中,混入了方音成分。This study applies quantitation and visualization methods to conduct a systematic comparative analysis of the Zhi(止)rhyme group in the scroll book edition of Yupian(玉篇).First,it measures the Zhi rhyme group and its related rhymes from a systematic perspective,and examines their degree of closeness and separation in the whole rhyme system using reference points.The quantitative method reveals the characteristics of this rhyme group in the whole system objectively and accurately,and overcomes the limitations of single research methods by comparing empirical values and significance tests.Second,by combining quantification and visualization,some new phonetic features are discovered:(1)Within this rhyme group,Zhi(支)rhyme is distinct from Wei(微)rhyme,Zhi(脂)rhyme and Zhi(之)rhyme are merged into one class with 99%probability,and Zhi(之)rhyme is closest to Zhi(脂)rhyme C class,and farthest from Zhi(脂)rhyme D class.(2)The relationship between D class and C class of these two rhymes is the closest,Zhi(支)rhyme C&D class is close to Zhi(脂)rhyme C class in phonetic relation,Zhi(脂)rhyme D class is mixed with Wei(微)rhyme,Zhi(之)rhyme is mixed with Wei(微)rhyme,etc.(3)The four rhymes Zhi Zhi Zhi Wei(支脂之微)have differences between open(开)and round(合),there are mixed usages to fix open(开)characters or round(合)characters by the labial initials and rounded main vowels in fanqie upper characters,which are the same open and round in Guangyun(广韵).(4)The mixed rhyme groups of Zhi(止)Xie(蟹)Zhen(臻)did not change the independent pattern,Wei(微)rhyme and Qi(迄)rhyme can be merged,the rhymes of Wei(微)Qi(迄)and Wu(物)are related,and the mixed usages of three finals involve four grades and four tones.(5)The initials of Jing(精)Zhang(章)and Ri(日)belong to Chongniu(重纽)C class,the initials of Zhuang(庄)and Zhi(知)belong to Chongniu(重纽)B class,which is slightly different from the old Chinese phonological system represented by Wang San(王三).The characteristics of the Zhi(止)

关 键 词：卷轴本《玉篇》 止摄韵 重纽 可视化 量化 

分 类 号：H131.6[语言文字—汉语]