Kinetic Limits of Graphite Anode for Fast‑Charging Lithium‑Ion Batteries  

作　　者：Suting Weng Gaojing Yang Simeng Zhang Xiaozhi Liu Xiao Zhang Zepeng Liu Mengyan Cao Mehmet Nurullah Ateş Yejing Li Liquan Chen Zhaoxiang Wang Xuefeng Wang 

机构地区：[1]Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics,Institute of Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,People’s Republic of China [2]School of Physical Sciences,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,People’s Republic of China [3]College of Materials Science and Opto‑Electronic Technology,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,People’s Republic of China [4]Department of Chemistry,Boğazici University,Bebek,Istanbul 34342,Türkiye [5]Tianmu Lake Institute of Advanced Energy Storage Technologies Co.Ltd.,Liyang 213300,People’s Republic of China

出　　处：《Nano-Micro Letters》2023年第11期518-529,共12页纳微快报（英文版）

基　　金：supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC No.52172257 and 22005334);the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing(Grant No.Z200013);the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFB2502200).

摘　　要：Fast-charging lithium-ion batteries are highly required,especially in reducing the mileage anxiety of the widespread electric vehicles.One of the biggest bottlenecks lies in the sluggish kinetics of the Li^(+)intercalation into the graphite anode;slow intercalation will lead to lithium metal plating,severe side reactions,and safety concerns.The premise to solve these problems is to fully understand the reaction pathways and rate-determining steps of graphite during fast Li^(+)intercalation.Herein,we compare the Li^(+)diffusion through the graphite particle,interface,and electrode,uncover the structure of the lithiated graphite at high current densities,and correlate them with the reaction kinetics and electrochemical performances.It is found that the rate-determining steps are highly dependent on the particle size,interphase property,and electrode configuration.Insufficient Li^(+)diffusion leads to high polarization,incomplete intercalation,and the coexistence of several staging structures.Interfacial Li^(+)diffusion and electrode transportation are the main rate-determining steps if the particle size is less than 10μm.The former is highly dependent on the electrolyte chemistry and can be enhanced by constructing a fluorinated interphase.Our findings enrich the understanding of the graphite structural evolution during rapid Li^(+)intercalation,decipher the bottleneck for the sluggish reaction kinetics,and provide strategic guidelines to boost the fast-charging performance of graphite anode.

关 键 词：Fast-charging Graphite anode Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy(cryo-TEM) High-rate kinetics 

分 类 号：TM912[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]