通过相对论重粒子碰撞中的J/ψ产生揭秘胶子喷注淬火机制  

Unraveling gluon jet quenching through J/ψproduction in heavy-ion collisions

作　　者：张善良 廖劲峰 秦广友 王恩科 邢宏喜 Shan-Liang Zhang;Jinfeng Liao;Guang-You Qin;Enke Wang;Hongxi Xing(Key Laboratory of Atomic and Subatomic Structure and Quantum Control(MOE),Institute of Quantum Matter,South China Normal University,Guangzhou 510006,China;Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nuclear Science,Institute of Quantum Matter,South China Normal University,Guangzhou 510006,China;Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter,Southern Nuclear Science Computing Center,South China Normal University,Guangzhou 510006,China;Physics Department and Center for Exploration of Energy and Matter,Indiana University,Bloomington 47408,USA;Key Laboratory of Quark&Lepton Physics(MOE)and Institute of Particle Physics,Central China Normal University,Wuhan 430079,China;Southern Center for Nuclear-Science Theory(SCNT),Institute of Modern Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Huizhou 516000,China)

机构地区：[1]Key Laboratory of Atomic and Subatomic Structure and Quantum Control(MOE),Institute of Quantum Matter,South China Normal University,Guangzhou 510006,China [2]Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nuclear Science,Institute of Quantum Matter,South China Normal University,Guangzhou 510006,China [3]Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter,Southern Nuclear Science Computing Center,South China Normal University,Guangzhou 510006,China [4]Physics Department and Center for Exploration of Energy and Matter,Indiana University,Bloomington 47408,USA [5]Key Laboratory of Quark&Lepton Physics(MOE)and Institute of Particle Physics,Central China Normal University,Wuhan 430079,China [6]Southern Center for Nuclear-Science Theory(SCNT),Institute of Modern Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Huizhou 516000,China

出　　处：《Science Bulletin》2023年第18期2003-2009,M0003,共8页科学通报（英文版）

基　　金：supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12035007,12022512,12147131,12225503,11890710,11890711,and 11935007);Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research(2020B0301030008);supported by the MOE Key Laboratory of Quark and Lepton Physics(QLPL2021P01);supported by the National Science Foundation of USA(PHY-2209183).

摘　　要：长久以来,喷注淬火被认为是探测重离子碰撞中形成的夺克胶子等离子体的关键信号之一,尽管过去在喷注火研究方面已经付出了巨大的努力、但是区分夸克和胶子的喷注淬火仍然是一个非常大的挑战本文发现大横动量J/主要由胶子碎裂产生,因此为探测胶子在热密介质中的能量损失提供了一个独特的敏感探针,作者首先基于领头幂次的NRQCD因子化理论计算了质子-质子碰撞中的大横动量J/产生,发现胶子碎裂是大横动量J/产生的主要机制,然后通过线性玻尔兹曼输运模型和相对论流体力学模拟了核-核碰撞中喷注与热密介质的相互作用,所得数值结果很好地描述了大横动量J/的核修正因子和椭圆流,揭示出胶子能量损失是大横动量J/产额压低的主要机制。作者进一步通过数据驱动的贝叶斯分析方法证实了这个新颖的结论,并定量提取出夸克胶子等离子体中的胶子能量损失分布。Jet quenching has long been regarded as one of the key signatures for the formation of quark-gluon plasma in heavy-ion collisions.Despite significant efforts,the separate identification of quark and gluon jet quenching has remained as a challenge.Here we show that J/ψin high transverse momentum(p_(T))region provides a uniquely sensitive probe of in-medium gluon energy loss since its production at high p_(T)is particularly dominated by gluon fragmentation.Such gluon-dominance is first demonstrated for the baseline of proton-proton collisions within the framework of leading power non-relativistic quantum chromodynamics factorization formalism.We then use the linear Boltzmann transport model combined with hydrodynamics for the simulation of jet-medium interaction in nucleus-nucleus collisions.The satisfactory description of experimental data on both nuclear modification factor RAA and elliptic flow v2 reveals,for the first time,that the gluon jet quenching is the driving force for high p_(T)J/ψsuppression.This novel finding is further confirmed by the data-driven Bayesian analyses of relevant experimental measurements,from which we also obtain the first quantitative extraction of the gluon energy loss distribution in the quark-gluon plasma.

关 键 词：Relativistic heavy-ion collisions Heavy quarkonium Jet quenching Elliptic flow 

分 类 号：O572.33[理学—粒子物理与原子核物理] O53[理学—物理]