技术轨道跃迁背景下如何实现科技自立自强?台山核电EPR首堆建设经验  

How to Realize Self-Reliance and Self-Improvement under the Background of Technological Leap?A Case Study on First Reactor of EPR

作　　者：赵剑波[1] ZHAO Jianbo(Institute of Industrial Economics,China Academy of Social Science,Beijing 100006)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院工业经济研究所,北京100006

出　　处：《科学学与科学技术管理》2023年第7期33-45,共13页Science of Science and Management of S.& T.

基　　金：中国社会科学院登峰计划项目(企业管理)。

摘　　要：科技自立自强的理论内涵不断丰富,要求企业从微观层面提供更多实践支撑。尤其随着新一轮科技革命与产业变革的深入发展,颠覆性创新推动技术轨道发生跃迁。技术轨道跃迁会产生更大的创新不确定性,企业创新能力的提升越发依赖于探索性、引领性的方式,以原始创新和颠覆性创新提升自主创新能力,实现科技自立自强。技术变轨意味着新旧技术轨道之间形成了知识缺口,企业需要更新其知识基础和技术能力,这一过程为企业实现科技自立自强提供了机会窗口。台山核电EPR首堆建设经历了从跟随到引领的转变,是我国企业在战略性新技术领域实现科技自立自强的典型案例。基于案例研究方法,总结台山核电EPR首堆建设经验,探索企业在面对技术跃迁的情况下,通过组织学习和知识管理构建技术创新体系,推动颠覆性技术商业化应用与主导设计形成的创新机制。研究颠覆性技术首次商业化过程中知识管理与创新能力的相互关系,明确组织学习、知识管理与技术轨道跃迁之间的内在逻辑。当前我国企业面临的创新情境正在发生变化,很多颠覆性技术首先在中国市场得到应用,中国企业需有自立自强的创新自信,主动推动技术范式迭代,构建知识管理体系,将科技自立自强打造成为先进的技术创新范式。The theoretical context of scientific and technological self-reliance and self-improvement is constantly enriched,requiring enterprises to provide more practical support from the micro level.Especially with the development of new technological revolution and industrial transformation,disruptive innovation has promoted the technological track to change.The existing research has not yet interpreted the theoretical connotation of self-reliance and self-improvement from the micro level,and analyzed the innovation mechanism to achieve strategic leapfrog development,especially the support of enterprise innovation practice cases.Under the background that some science and technology fields in China are changing from"running with"to"walking together"and"leading to",it is necessary to condense scientific problems from practical problems to solve various problems in the field of basic theories and technical principles.The technological track transition will produce greater innovation uncertainty,and the improvement of enterprise innovation ability increasingly relies on exploratory and leading ways to enhance independent innovation ability with original innovation and subversive innovation,so as to achieve scientific and technological self-reliance.Technological change means that there is a knowledge gap between the old and new technological tracks,and enterprises need to update their knowledge base and technical capabilities.This process provides an opportunity window for enterprises to achieve scientific and technological self-reliance.The construction of the first EPR reactor of Taishan Nuclear Power Plant is a typical case of scientific and technological self-reliance of Chinese enterprises.This research uses the case study method to construct an innovation mechanism to achieve scientific and technological self-reliance under the background of technological transition.By building the first batch of EPR,the Taishan project team has successfully promoted a disruptive technology from scientific research and experimental de

关 键 词：科技自立自强 颠覆性创新 技术轨道 知识管理 第三代核电技术 

分 类 号：F204[经济管理—国民经济]