冰岛个别可转让配额制度及其对中国的启示  

Individual transferable quota system in Iceland and its enlightenment to China

作　　者：邹磊磊[1] 韩莉莉 ZOU Lei-lei;HAN Li-li(School of Foreign Languages,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;School of Marine Culture and Law,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学外国语学院,上海201306 [2]上海海洋大学海洋文化与法律学院,上海201306

出　　处：《中国渔业经济》2023年第4期114-126,共13页Chinese Fisheries Economics

基　　金：国家社科基金重大专项“中国参与国际海洋渔业治理研究”(17VHQ010)资助。

摘　　要：个别可转让配额制度是当前世界渔业管理的发展趋势之一。鉴于冰岛是最早实施个别可转让配额制度的国家,其成功经验和发展过程中长期存在的问题及成因值得探究。文章通过冰岛个别可转让配额制度的研究,深入分析其发展历程、特点、存在的问题及解决方案,在此基础上结合中国国情及限额捕捞试点情况,发现其对中国渔业管理的启示体现在以下五个方面:一是加强近海渔业资源的调查和研究,科学确定总可捕捞量;二是合理分配初始配额,保障生计渔民的权益;三是制定有关配额的灵活性措施,解决副渔获物丢弃的问题;四是建立上岸登陆和交易控制系统,提高渔业监督与执法能力;五是发展基层渔民组织,鼓励更多渔民提供决策建议。Individual transferable quota system is one of the development trends of fisheries management in the world.In view of the fact that Iceland is the first country to implement an individual transferable quota system,its successful experience and long-standing problems in the process of development and their causes are worth exploring.Through the study of individual transferable quota system in Iceland,this paper deeply analyzes its development process,characteristics,existing problems and solutions,on this basis,combined with China's national conditions and fishing pilot situation,it is found that its enlightenment to China's fishery management is reflected in the following five aspects.Firstly,strengthen the investigation and research of offshore fishery resources and scientifically determine the total fishing capacity.The second is to rationally allocate the initial quota to protect the rights and interests of livelihood fishermen.The third is to formulate flexible measures on quotas to solve the problem of discarding multi-species fisheries.The fourth is to establish landing and transaction control systems to improve the ability of fishery supervision and law enforcement.The fifth is to develop grass-roots fishermen's organizations and encourage more fishermen to provide decision-making suggestions.

关 键 词：个别可转让配额 冰岛渔业配额管理 中国限额捕捞试点 竞争性捕捞 渔业管理 

分 类 号：F326.403[经济管理—产业经济]