黄河三角洲不同植被类型土壤水源涵养功能综合评价  

Comprehensive Evaluation of Soil Water Conservation Function of Different Vegetation Types in the Yellow River Delta

作　　者：赵恩辉[1] 吴磊 赵生华 Zhao Enhui;Wu Lei;Zhao Shenghua(Tangshan Institute of Water Resources Planning and Design,Tangshan,Hebei 063000,China;College of Water Sciences,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;China State Construction Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]唐山市水利规划设计研究院,河北唐山063000 [2]北京师范大学水科学研究院,北京100875 [3]中国建筑股份有限公司,北京100029

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2023年第6期255-263,共9页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金“水资源-能源纽带关系与保障风险综合模型体系与应用”(51879010)。

摘　　要：[目的]揭示不同植被类型土壤物理性质的差异,明确植被类型对土壤水源涵养功能的影响,以期为评估黄河三角洲植被恢复的生态水文效应提供科学依据。[方法]选取刺槐(Robinia pseudoacacia)、柳树(Salix psammophila)、白蜡(Fraxinus chinensis)为研究对象,分析0—30 cm土层土壤容重、孔隙度、持水能力、入渗性能的变化特征,利用主成分分析评价了黄河三角洲不同植被类型土壤水源涵养功能。[结果]刺槐、柳树、白蜡、对照样地0—30 cm土层土壤容重依次为1.28,1.33,1.39,1.44 g/cm 3,土壤总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度分别为46.36%~51.75%,38.52%~40.91%,7.24%~12.21%;与对照相比,刺槐、柳树、白蜡土壤容重分别降低了11.11%,7.64%,3.47%,土壤孔隙度也存在不同程度的增大。4个样地0—30 cm土层土壤最大持水量差异显著(p<0.05),其数值依次为517.50,501.00,480.87,463.61 t/hm^(2);毛管持水量和非毛管持水量无显著差异(p>0.05),其数值分别为385.23~409.06 t/hm^(2),72.39~122.11 t/hm^(2)。刺槐、柳树、白蜡、对照样地稳定入渗率依次为4.91,2.89,4.05,1.02 mm/min,与对照相比分别提高381.37%,183.33%,297.06%;4个入渗模型的拟合优度表现为Horton模型>通用经验模型>Kostiakov模型>Philip模型,Horton模型能更好地模拟研究区土壤入渗过程。通过主成分分析可以得到两个主成分,累计贡献率高达99.896%;各个样地土壤水源涵养功能综合排序表现为刺槐>白蜡>柳树>对照。[结论]从土壤结构、持水能力、渗透性能等方面考虑,刺槐林对黄河三角洲土壤改良效果最佳,白蜡林次之,柳树林最差。可在研究区及与其生境类似的区域优先考虑刺槐树种。[Objective]The aims of this study are to reveal the differences in soil physical properties among different vegetation types,clarify the impact of vegetation types on soil water conservation function,and provide scientific basis for the evaluation of ecological and hydrological effects of vegetation restoration in the Yellow River Delta.[Methods]Robinia pseudoacacia,Salix psammophila,Fraxinus chinensis were selected as the research objects.The characteristics of the soil bulk density,porosity,water holding capacity and infiltration characteristics with 0—30 cm soil layer were studied and the soil water conservation function of different vegetation types was evaluated by principal component analysis.[Results]Soil bulk density of Robinia pseudoacacia,Salix psammophila,Fraxinus chinensis,bare land with 0—30 cm soil layer was 1.28,1.33,1.39,and 1.44 g/cm 3,and the total soil porosity,capillary porosity,and non-capillary porosity were 46.36%~51.75%,38.52%~40.91%,7.24%~12.21%,respectively.Compared with bare land,the soil bulk density of Robinia pseudoacacia,Salix psammophila,Fraxinus chinensis decreased by 11.11%,7.64%,and 3.47%,respectively,and the soil porosity increased.The maximum soil water holding capacities of 0—30 cm soil layer in the four sample plots were significantly different(p<0.05),and the values were 517.50,501.00,480.87,and 463.61 t/hm^(2).The capillary and non-capillary water holding capacities of 0—30 cm soil layer in the four sample plots were not significantly different(p>0.05),and the values were 385.23~409.06 t/hm^(2)and 72.39~122.11 t/hm^(2),respectively.The stable infiltration rates of Robinia pseudoacacia,Salix psammophila,Fraxinus chinensis,bare land were 4.91,2.89,4.05,and 1.02 mm/min,which were 381.37%,183.33%,and 297.06%higher than the bare land,respectively.The goodness of fit of the four infiltration models was Horton>general empirical>Kostiakov>Philip,Horton model could better simulate the soil infiltration process in the study area.Two principal components could be obtained by

关 键 词：水源涵养功能 黄河三角洲 土壤水文效应 入渗 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学] S715.7[农业科学—农业基础科学] S727.21