三角帆蚌外套膜有核珍珠与Akoya珍珠理化特征比较鉴定  

Comparative Identification of the Physico-chemical Characteristics of Nucleated Pearls from the Mantle of Hyriopsis cumingii and Akoya Pearls

作　　者：高金平 李家乐[1,2] 白志毅[1,2] GAO Jinping;LI Jiale;BAI Zhiyi(Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306;Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Cultivating Elite Breeds and Green-culture of Aquaculture Animals,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306;Wuxi Golden Pearl Technology Co.,Ltd,Wuxi 214000)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学农业农村部淡水水产种质资源重点实验室,上海201306 [2]上海海洋大学上海市水产动物良种创制与绿色养殖协同创新中心,上海201306 [3]无锡金珍珠科技有限公司,无锡214000

出　　处：《中国宝玉石》2023年第5期2-11,25,共11页China Gems & Jades

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-49),国家重点研发计划(2022YFD2400105)。

摘　　要：新兴的三角帆蚌(Hyriopsis cumingii)外套膜有核珍珠(简称“淡水Akoya”)质量与Akoya珍珠质量越来越接近,比较鉴别二者理化特征差异,不仅是消费者市场需求,而且是进一步提升淡水珍珠质量的产业需求。本研究采用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪和紫外―可见光光谱仪的谱学分析、光学显微镜和扫描电镜技术及电感耦合质谱仪离子测定等技术,比较分析了“淡水Akoya”与Akoya珍珠的谱学、微结构和元素组成特征。结果显示:“淡水Akoya”与Akoya珍珠的红外和紫外―可见光谱总体较为相似,两者均主要由文石构成;“淡水Akoya”与Akoya珍珠表面均呈层状生长结构和紧密排列的等高线特征,前者等高线排列方向散乱,后者等高线排列方向一致,而两者横截面均由结构相似的文石板块组成;“淡水Akoya”中Mn、Zn和Ba含量显著高于Akoya珍珠(P<0.05),而Na、Mg和Sr含量显著低于Akoya珍珠(P<0.05);Na/Ca、Mn/Ca、Sr/Ca及Ba/Ca在“淡水Akoya”与Akoya珍珠之间没有交集,Na/Ca在两者中的变异系数最低(2.39%~6.25%),Sr/Ca的变异系数次之(6.98%~26.07%),而Mn/Ca和Ba/Ca的变异系数较大(32.21%~264.58%)。本研究结果建议表面微结构和Na、Sr含量可作为“淡水Akoya”区别于Akoya珍珠的有效特征,对珍珠产品鉴定和珍珠提升均具有重要意义。The quality of the emerging nucleated pearls from the mantle of Hyriopsis cumingii(freshwater Akoya)is getting closer to that of Akoya pearls.Comparing the physico-chemical characteristics of the two kind pearls is not only a market need for consumers,but also an industrial need to further improve the quality of freshwater pearls.Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy were used for spectrum analysis.Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used for microstructural observation.Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used for element determination.The results showed that the infrared and ultraviolet-visible spectra of freshwater Akoya and Akoya pearls were generally similar,and both were composed mainly of aragonite.The surface of freshwater Akoya and Akoya pearls were characterized by a laminar growth structure and closely spaced contour lines,with the former having a scattered contour line arrangement and the latter having a consistent contour line arrangement.The cross-sectional structure of freshwater Akoya and Akoya pearls were similar and composed of aragonite plates.The concentrations of Mn,Zn,and Ba in freshwater Akoya were significantly higher than those of Akoya pearls(P<0.05),while the concentrations of Na,Mg,and Sr were significantly lower than those of Akoya pearls(P<0.05).Na/Ca,Mn/Ca,Sr/Ca,and Ba/Ca did not intersect between freshwater Akoya and Akoya pearls,with Na/Ca having the lowest coefficient of variation(2.39%~6.25%),Sr/Ca having the second highest(6.98%~26.07%),and Mn/Ca and Ba/Ca had larger coefficients of variation(32.21%~264.58%).These results suggest that the surface microstructure and Na and Sr concentrations can be used as effective characteristics to distinguish freshwater Akoya from Akoya pearls.The findings are also important for pearl product identification and pearl enhancement.

关 键 词：“淡水Akoya” Akoya珍珠 谱学特征 微结构 元素组成 

分 类 号：P575[天文地球—矿物学]