罪刑相适应的尺度和算法——基于《刑法》第269条的司法现状  

The Measure and Algorithm of the Principle of Proportional Justice Based on the Judicial Status Quo of Article 296 of the Criminal Law

作　　者：桑本谦[1] 王越 Sang Benqian;Wang Yue

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学法学院

出　　处：《中外法学》2023年第5期1224-1243,共20页Peking University Law Journal

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学青年基金项目“量刑指导意见适用效果实证研究”(项目编号:20YJC820048)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：《刑法》第269条规定对转化型抢劫以抢劫罪论处,数据分析显示该条规定引起了司法抵制,全国法院对转化型抢劫的量刑实际上系统性地轻于抢劫。造成这一现象的原因在立法层面。受形态学思维支配,立法者只关注两种犯罪的构成要件大致相同,却忽略了更深层次的区分因素。由于受害人有能力控制人身伤害的风险,转化型抢劫相对安全,其法定刑应轻于抢劫。司法实践和法学研究应突破形态学思维,从要件识别转向变量评估。关于犯罪与惩罚的报应模型可为此提供一种替代性思路,它比传统的罪刑相适应原则更精确,但又比法律经济学上的最优威慑模型更简单。The criminal law stipulates that transformed robbery is punished as robbery,and the data analysis reveals that this provision has resulted in judicial conflict.In fact,the punishment for transformed robbery in courts nationwide is consistently more lenient than that of robbery,and the reason for this phenomenon can be attributed to legislative factors.The consideration of legislators was predominantly influenced by morphological thinking,focusing solely on constitutive requirements of the two categories of crime while disregarding the underlying distinguishing factors.In fact,transformed robbery should not be classified as robbery since it represents a relatively safe form of criminal activity.Judicial practice and legal research need to transcend morphological thinking,shifting from element identification to variable evaluation.Based on the Tit-For-Tat Principle as a starting point for evolution,we developed the Retributive Model for crime and punishment which is more precise than the Principle of Proportional Justice widely recognized by legal experts but more concise than the Optimal Deterrence Model since the latter was rendered infeasible due to the intractable amount of computation required.

关 键 词：转化型抢劫 罪刑相适应 报应模型 返还法则 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学]