论宪法与部门法关系背后的三种“宪法”以宪法本体论问题为线索  

The Three“Constitutions”Behind the Relationship between the Constitution and Departmental Law AnOntologicalAnalysis

作　　者：路平新 Lu Pingxin

机构地区：[1]复旦大学法学院

出　　处：《中外法学》2023年第5期1345-1363,共19页Peking University Law Journal

基　　金：2020司法部重点项目“公共卫生法治视角下疫情防控法治体系健全与完善”(项目编号:20SFB1006)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：宪法与部门法关系之争,根源在于宪法本体论即“宪法是什么”。在中国宪法“多元复合”的背后,三种宪法“本体”各有脉络,却又彼此紧张。其一,中国宪法有着久远的“母法”(社会主义纲领)传承,这种基于国家目标、要求积极实施的宪法逻辑,是宪法“具体化”为部门法的核心理由。其二,中国宪法是“根本法”(共同体元规则)。与“母法”逻辑不同,它代表着另一种消极内敛的“元规则”逻辑,强调宪法只应关注一个共同体的“根本”而非“普通”问题。其三,宪法是“公法”(自由保障法)。在中国语境下,它蕴含着一种双重自由保障的逻辑,但当宪法被“片面实施”时,它就会与母法逻辑形成严重对立。解开宪法本体论矛盾,关键在“本体论”。自哲学诠释学视角,宪法的“存在”依寓于“时间”(历史)。不能滥用自然科学思维,将(中国)宪法在历史中形成的某种意义贬斥为“历史的偶然”。应当尊重我国宪法三种“本体”背后的不同意义,让它们在对宪法语言的解释中彼此对话。The key to constitutional law's relationship with departmental law lies in its ontological foundation.There are three conflicting ontological conceptions behind the Chinese constitution.First,the“mother law”(socialist programme)embodies a logic of the“positive constitution”centered on national goals.Second,the“fundamental law”represents a passive meta-rule logic.Third,the“public law”(liberty-safeguarding law)holds the potential for dual-layered freedom protection.However,partial enforcement may lead to significant conflicts with the mother law.The key to resolving these contradictions is through“ontology.”From a philosophical hermeneutical standpoint,we must attend to the constitution's“being and time,”respecting the historical significance underpinning its ontology and fostering their mutual dialogue within the interpretation of constitutional language.

关 键 词：宪法 本体论 母法 根本法 公法 

分 类 号：D921[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]