从排他到获酬:芯片设计赋权模式的变革  

From Exclusivity to Remuneration:Reforming the Entitlement Mode of Chip Design

作　　者：刘建臣 Liu Jianchen

机构地区：[1]山东大学法学院

出　　处：《中外法学》2023年第5期1364-1380,共17页Peking University Law Journal

基　　金：“山东大学人文社会科学‘全面依法治国战略实施中的数据运用与数据治理’创新团队项目建设经费”和“山东大学法学院基本科研业务费专项资金”资助。

摘　　要：芯片是数字产业发展的核心要素,其为人工智能、大数据、区块链和云计算等前沿技术提供底层算力支撑。立法者专门为芯片行业配置了集成电路布图设计权,为芯片设计人从事研发创新提供激励,但其在司法实践中却运行效果不佳,这实则源于赋权模式本身所造成的司法困惑。尽管信息成本理论可用以澄清赋权模式并引导具体制度的适用,但芯片行业实践已与立法初衷相偏离,权利人愈发不依赖布图设计权,实证层面上该诉由的案件在世界范围内都较为少见。在此意义上,修补式制度改进的现实必要性相当有限,而应做出整体赋权模式的变革。芯片行业累积创新的典型特点、模仿自由的考量以及对权利人激励效应的适度维持,证成布图设计权责任规则式的赋权方案,这对中国目前面临的技术封锁而言尤为重要。As a key factor for the development of the digital industries,chips provide the necessary hash rates for cutting-edge technologies including artificial intelligence,big data,blockchain,cloud computing,etc.To preserve chip designers'incentive to continue conducting R&D activities,legislators confer on them a tailored sui generis right,namely,the right of layout design for integrated circuits.However,such a right does not work well in judicial practice,which is due to courts'confusion about its entitlement mode.Even if such confusion can be clarified based on the information costs theory,the deviation of the developments of the chip industry from legislative purposes causes right holders less and less reliant on this exclusive right,as evidenced by the small number of cases regarding layout design infringement worldwide.Under these circumstances,modifying those ill-fitted institutions is of limited practical significance.Rather,a fundamental reform of the entitlement mode of chip design is indispensable.A compensatory liability-rule regime,which is of vital importance to China confronting an unprecedented blockade on technologies,can be justified in terms of features of cumulative innovation in the chip industry,the freedom of imitation,and most importantly,preserving chip designers'minimum incentive to continue conducting creative activities.

关 键 词：集成电路布图设计 赋权模式 信息成本 累积创新 责任规则 

分 类 号：D996[政治法律—经济法学] F426.63[政治法律—国际法学]