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作 者:王占军[1] 季波[1] 纪童 蒋齐[1] WANG Zhan-jun;JI Bo;JI Tong;JIANG Qi(Institute of Forestry and Grassland Ecology,Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Desertification Control and Soil and Water Conservation,Yinchuan 750002,China)
机构地区:[1]宁夏农林科学院林业与草地生态研究所,宁夏防沙治沙与水土保持重点实验室,宁夏银川750002
出 处:《草业学报》2023年第10期187-199,共13页Acta Prataculturae Sinica
基 金:宁夏农林科学院对外科技合作专项(DW-X-2018016);宁夏农林科学院科技平台建设提升项目(NKYP-22-06);自治区农业科技自主创新资金农业高质量发展和生态保护科技创新示范课题(NGSB-2021-14-06)资助。
摘 要:通过对牧草生长的水分条件进行系统分析,筛选出适合干旱地区的优质抗旱牧草,本研究以5种多年生豆科牧草(草木樨状黄芪、牛枝子、达乌里胡枝子、小冠花、鹰嘴紫云英)为研究对象,测定土壤水分、牧草农艺性状(绿叶数与株高),利用均方根偏差(RMSD)计算绿叶数和株高离散度与土壤水分离散度,并计算两者间的权衡关系,以土壤水分为自变量,权衡值为因变量,利用分位数模型界定维持植物正常生命活动的土壤水分阈值,同时结合干旱胁迫下牧草生理指标,达到科学评价牧草抗旱性的目的,结果表明:1)胁迫前期牧草农艺性状优于对照,随胁迫时间延长,牧草农艺性状大体呈下降趋势;2)土壤水分阈值(绿叶数)分别为草木樨状黄芪(17%)、牛枝子(10%)、鹰嘴紫云英(5%),土壤水分阈值(株高)分别为草木樨状黄芪(16%)、牛枝子(14%)、鹰嘴紫云英(10%);3)以隶属函数法对7项生理指标进行综合评价,5种多年生豆科牧草抗旱性强弱表现为:牛枝子>达乌里胡枝子>小冠花>鹰嘴紫云英>草木樨状黄芪;4)综合牧草外部性状与内部生理评价,选出可耐受中度干旱地区的牧草为牛枝子,可作为中度干旱区的引种牧草。This research systematically analyzed the suitable water conditions for forage growth in order to screen high-quality drought resistant forages for arid areas.Five perennial leguminous forages(Astragalus melilotoides,Lespedeza potaninii,Lespedeza davurica,Coronilla varia,and Astragalus cicer)were studied,and agronomic traits(number of green leaves and plant height)were systematically analyzed.The trade-off relationship between plant growth and soil moisture supply,using the RMSD(root mean square distance)for plant size and soil moisture content as quantile model variables to determine the soil moisture threshold needed to maintain normal growth of plants,while recording a multivariate score of physiological indicators under drought stress.This drought resistance evaluation showed that:1)The higher the drought stress,the greater the negative impact on the chlorophyll and plant height of the forage;However,a moderate drought can promote the growth and development of the forage.2)With respect to the tolerance of different forages to drought stress,differences were found in the degree and scope of exposure,with the soil moisture thresholds of plant green leaves number for A.melilotoides,L.potaninii and A.cicer being 17%,10%and 5%,respectively,while the soil moisture thresholds of plant height are A.melilotoides,16%;L.potaninii,14%and A.cicer 10%and quantile models for other variables failed the significance test.3)From the evaluation and analysis of seven physiological indicators,the drought resistance of the five leguminous forage species was ranked:L.potaninii>L.davurica>C.varia>A.cicer>A.melilotoides.4)Based on the combination of soil water content threshold and drought physiological evaluation,the selection of L.potaninii for severe drought can be used as the selective pasture for severe drought,and L.potaninii for moderate drought can be used as the selective pasture for moderate drought.
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