我国草原保险发展模式、现实困境与体系构建  

Chinese grassland insurance development model,practical difficulties and system construction

作　　者：秦涛[1] 朱彩霞 王建和 张瑾 QIN Tao;ZHU Cai-xia;WANG Jian-he;ZHANG Jin(School of Economics and Management,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;Forestry and Grassland Work Station of Inner Mongolia,Hohhot 010011,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学经济管理学院,北京100083 [2]内蒙古自治区林业和草原工作总站,内蒙古呼和浩特010011

出　　处：《草业学报》2023年第10期226-246,共21页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：国家社科基金后期资助项目(20FGLB022);国家自然科学基金青年项目(71403022);教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目(20YJA 790059);北京市社会科学基金项目(18YJB011)资助。

摘　　要：草原是我国重要的生态安全屏障、畜牧业基地以及碳库载体,构建以草原保险为核心的风险保障体系对于保护草原生态环境、促进牧区乡村振兴以及实现“双碳”目标具有重要价值。通过文献梳理以及定性比较分析,发现:美国、加拿大、法国等均建立了不同形式的草原保险产品体系,以指数保险为核心转移牧草风险,然而我国草原保险目前正处于探索和试点阶段,尚未建立比较符合我国国情的产品体系,在试点过程中,仍面临着保费筹集困难、推广模式缺乏统一性、产品供给动力不足、费率厘定缺乏理论依据以及定损理赔成本过高等诸多制约因素。因此,我国需要尽快完善草原保险政策制度与产品体系,构建央地保费补贴联动机制;健全多层次灾害风险保障体系,创新“综合保险+指数保险”发展模式;开发多样化草原保险产品,满足投保主体多元风险管理需求;推进草原风险区划与费率厘定,建立差异化动态定价机制;制定统一的查勘定损技术标准,优化完善核保理赔机制;提高草原保险科技水平,提升保险产品创新与服务能力。Grassland is an important ecological security barrier,animal husbandry base and carbon reservoir carrier in China,and building a risk guarantee system with grassland insurance as the core is of great value for protecting the grassland ecological environment,promoting rural revitalization in pastoral areas and achieving the‘dual carbon’goal of peak carbon dioxide emissions before 2030 and carbon neutrality before 2060,and it plays a key role in global climate governance.Through literature review and qualitative comparative analysis,it is found that the United States,Canada and France,among others,have established different forms of grassland product insurance systems,with index insurance as the core mechanism to transfer forage risks.However,Chinese grassland insurance is currently in the exploration stages.A current pilot phase,has not yet established a product system that is aligned with Chinese national conditions.During the pilot work,many constraints have emerged.There are some difficulties in collecting premiums,the promotion of the system lacks uniformity,the product supply power is insufficient,there is no theoretical basis for determination of premium rates,and the cost of determining loss claims is too high.Therefore,China needs to improve the grassland insurance policy system and product system as soon as possible,and build a linkage mechanism for central and local premium subsidies.Improvement of the multi-level disaster risk protection system and innovation introduction should include:The development model of a“comprehensive insurance+index insurance”;Development of diversified insurance products to meet the diversified risk management needs of insured entities;Promotion of the process of grassland risk zoning and rate determination,and establishing a differentiated dynamic pricing mechanism;Formulation of unified technical standards for survey and loss assessment;Improvement of the underwriting claim mechanism;Improvement of the level of grassland insurance technology and enhancement of the i

关 键 词：草原保险 国际经验 运作模式 现实困境 体系构建 

分 类 号：F842.6[经济管理—保险]