微重力环境电解水制氢气液分离方法研究进展  

Research Progress on Separation Methods of Hydrogen from Water Electrolysis in Microgravity Environment

作　　者：张君实 宋凌珺[1] Zhang Junshi;Song Lingjun(School of Transportation Science and Engineering,Beihang University,Beijing 100019)

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学交通科学与工程学院,北京100019

出　　处：《中外能源》2023年第10期23-29,共7页Sino-Global Energy

摘　　要：电解水制氢是目前常用的制取氢气方法,而气液分离技术是整个电解水制氢系统的核心技术之一,用以除去氢气中混有的液态水。气液分离技术按照分离机理可分为重力沉降分离、惯性碰撞分离、旋流分离等方式。为适应航天工程发展,我国正在开展月球制氢的研究。分别在地面环境和月球微重力环境下,对重力分离器和旋流分离器的分离效果进行对比仿真分析。仿真结果表明,在月球微重力环境下,受重力场减弱的影响,重力分离器分离效果变差,不宜使用。微重力环境下常用的气液分离技术按是否含有运动部件分为静态分离和动态分离。吸附分离利用多孔材料吸收实现分离,成本低、操作简单,但效率偏低;毛细作用分离利用表面张力实现分离,分离效果好,但存在管道设计问题;旋流分离和动态离心分离都是利用气液两相的密度差异实现分离,体积小、可靠高效,但前者需要预先设计复杂管路,后者需要额外供给电机能量并关注密封、振动问题;惯性分离通常只作为辅助手段。溶解分离通过改变溶解度使气体暂时溶解于液体中,从而有效避免气体杂质对于整个系统的危害,目前尚处于研究阶段。Hydrogen production by electrolysis of water is a common method of hydrogen production at present,and gas-liquid separation technology is one of the core technologies of the whole system of hydrogen production by electrolysis of water,which is used to remove the liquid water mixed in hydrogen.According to the separation mechanism,the gas-liquid separation technology can be divided into gravity sedimentation separation,inertial collision separation,swirl separation and so on.In order to adapt space engineering development,China is carrying out research hydrogen production on lunar.The separation effect of gravity separator and cyclone separator is compared and simulated in ground environment and lunar microgravity environment respectively.The simulation results show that in the lunar microgravity environment,the separation effect of gravity separator is poor due to the weakening of gravity field,so it is not suitable for use.The gas-liquid separation technology commonly used in microgravity environment can be divided into static separation and dynamic separation according to whether there are moving parts.Adsorption separation is achieved separation,by using porous material absorption,with low cost,simple operation,but low efficiency.Capillary action separation is achieved by using surface tension,with good separation effect,but there are problems in pipeline design.Both swirl separation and dynamic centrifugal separation use the density difference between gas and liquid two phases to achieve separation,which are small in volume,reliable and efficient.However,the former needs to design complex pipelines in advance,while the latter needs to supply additional motor energy and pay attention to sealing and vibration problems.Inertial separation is usually used only as an aid.Dissolution separation makes the gas temporarily dissolve in the liquid by changing the solubility,so as to effectively avoid the harm of gas impurities to the whole system,which is still in the research stage.

关 键 词：微重力环境 气液分离技术 静态分离 动态分离 溶解分离 电解水制氢 

分 类 号：TQ116.2[化学工程—无机化工]