炼厂含硫污水氯离子的来源与异常数据的排查分析  

Analysis of Sources and Abnormal Data of Chloride Ions in Refinery Sour Water

作　　者：蔺峰涛[1] Lin Fengtao(SINOPEC Cangzhou Company,Cangzhou Hebei 061000)

机构地区：[1]中国石化沧州炼化公司,河北沧州061000

出　　处：《中外能源》2023年第10期74-78,共5页Sino-Global Energy

摘　　要：结合炼油工艺实际,分析炼厂各种含硫污水中氯离子的形成机理、来源及腐蚀问题。不同装置含硫污水氯离子的来源既有相关性也有各自的特点,由此可制定各自的控制措施。常减压装置三塔顶含硫污水氯离子主要来自无机盐的水解,生成的HCl是塔顶系统腐蚀的重要来源。催化裂化、延迟焦化装置反应温度高,含氯有机物和无机盐的分解与水解速度大大加快。原油中低沸点有机氯热分解温度高,部分流向加氢精制装置,部分流向重整预加氢单元,氢解后转化成HCl。监控装置含硫污水氯离子含量是工艺防腐蚀的重要内容,在装置含硫污水氯离子含量出现异常波动时,可从氯离子的生成原理出发,综合相关化验分析数据和操作参数的变化确定波动的原因,从上、下游装置确定关键变量的因果关系,从装置的工艺特性推断化验分析数据的合理性。从经验来看,含硫污水的化验分析、样品预处理很关键,否则可能产生很大的分析误差。Based on actual refining processes,this paper analyzes the formation mechanism,sources and corrosion of chloride ions in sour water from various units in refineries.The sources of chloride ions in sour water from different units are correlated and also have their own characteristics,based on which respective control measures can be developed.The chloride ions in sour water from the overhead of primary tower,atmospheric tower and vacuum tower of CDU/VDU mainly come from the hydrolysis of inorganic salts,and the HCl generated is an important source of corrosion in the overhead systems.The reaction temperature of FCC unit and delayed coking unit is high,and the decomposition and hydrolysis rate of chlorinated organic compounds and inorganic salts is greatly accelerated.With high thermal decomposition temperature,part of the low boiling point organic chlorine in crude oil flows to hydrofining unit,and some flows to pre hydrogenation system of CCR unit.After hydrogenolysis,it is converted into HCl.Monitoring the chloride ion content of sour water from the units is important for process corrosion prevention.When there is an abnormal fluctuation in the chloride ion content of sour water from the units,the reasons for the fluctuation can be determined based on the generation principle of chloride ions,the relevant laboratory analysis data and the changes in operating parameters.The causal relationship of key variables can be determined from upstream and downstream units,and the rationality of laboratory analysis data can be inferred from the process characteristics of the units.According to experiences,sample pretreatment is crucial for the laboratory analysis of sour water,otherwise significant analysis errors may be generated.

关 键 词：含硫污水 防腐蚀 氯离子 有机氯 

分 类 号：X742[环境科学与工程—环境工程]