考虑心理成本的灾民转运与物资分配问题研究  

The Research on the Casualty Transport and Material Allocation Considering Psychological Costs

作　　者：刘艳[1] 贾林颖 邵舒羽 高晗 王佩爽 LIU Yan;JIA Linying;SHAO Shuyu;GAO Han;WANG Peishuang(School of Logistics,Beijing Wuzi University,Beijing 101149,China)

机构地区：[1]北京物资学院物流学院,北京101149

出　　处：《灾害学》2023年第4期150-155,178,共7页Journal of Catastrophology

基　　金：国家社会科学基金资助项目(22BGL030);北京市社会科学基金青年项目(21GLC040);北京市长城学者培养计划项目(CIT&TCD20190320)。

摘　　要：紧急救援过程中,灾民转运和物资分配等救援活动的时效性会影响灾民的心理状况及救援效率,而灾民的负面心理又会影响救援活动的顺利开展。针对该问题,以救援效率最大和灾民心理成本最小为目标,构建同时考虑灾民转运和物资分配的集成优化模型,以芦山7.0级地震为案例背景,采用遗传算法对模型求解和参数分析,得到帕累托最优选择方案。结果表明,灾害初期灾民心理成本对救援效率影响较大,但随着时间的推移影响逐渐减弱;灾民等待物资分配的心理成本远大于等待转运的心理成本;灾情严重时,为减少心理成本,物资分配应优先选择按比例分配方式。In the process of emergency rescue,the evacuations and materials distribution would affect the rescue efficiency and psychological of victims,and the negative psychology of disaster casualties would also affect the progress of rescue work.In order to solve this problem,this paper focuses on the psychological pressure of disaster casualties while waiting for rescue.With the goal of maximizing rescue efficiency and minimizing the psychological cost of disaster casualties,we constructed an integrated optimization model that considers both casualty transport and material allocation.Taking Lushan earthquake as the case background,genetic algorithm is used to solve the model and analyze the parameters.Finally,the Pareto optimal selection scheme is obtained.The results show that:①In the early period of disaster relief,the psychological cost of disaster casualties has a greater impact on rescue efficiency,which gradually reduces with time,indicating that it is necessary to consider the psychological condition of disaster casualties in the early period of rescue to reduce the secondary social problems induced by the bad psychology of disaster casualties.②Over time,the psychological cost of untimely material distribution is much greater than the psychological cost caused by out-of-time transshipment.③When the number of casualties is large,adopting a proportional material distribution strategy can effectively reduce the psychological cost of disaster casualties.

关 键 词：心理成本 灾民转运 物资分配 救援效率 芦山7.0级地震 

分 类 号：C93[经济管理—管理学] X915.5[环境科学与工程—安全科学] X43[天文地球—地震学] P315[天文地球—固体地球物理学]