载人月面着陆器飞行策略优化研究  

Research on Flight Strategy Optimization for Manned Lunar Landers

作　　者：黄震 孙兴亮 余欢 朱恩涌 HUANG Zhen;SUN Xingliang;YU Huan;ZHU Enyong(Beijing Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering,Beijing 100094,China)

机构地区：[1]北京空间飞行器总体设计部,北京100094

出　　处：《宇航学报》2023年第9期1360-1369,共10页Journal of Astronautics

摘　　要：载人月面着陆器主要负责航天员和探测载荷在环月轨道和月面之间的往返运输,速度增量需求高达5000 m/s,主要设计难点在于推进剂和平台干重的质量控制,实现任务效益的最大化。以整器全任务剖面推进剂使用量控制为目标,在总体层面系统性地提出了飞行策略优化思路,包括基于最低发射窗口的地月转移设计、基于轨道摄动的环月设计、基于两舱均衡消耗的环月降轨设计、基于中途分离的动力下降设计、基于最佳推重比的月面上升设计、基于快速自主的月轨交会对接设计6方面的正常飞行策略,以及基于物资抛分的异面上升设计、基于兰伯特变轨的应急交会策略、基于PRA的多重故障应对策略3方面的应急飞行策略,为载人月面着陆器飞行任务规划和轨道设计提供借鉴和参考。The manned lunar lander is designed to transport astronauts and exploration payloads between lunar orbit and the lunar surface,with a required speed increment of up to 5000 m/s.The main design challenges lie in the mass control of the propellant and platform,in order to maximize mission efficiency.A propulsion control strategy is developed at the system level,with the aim of optimizing the entire mission profile.This includes six normal flight strategies:lunar transfer design based on the minimum launch window,circumlunar design based on orbit perturbations,circumlunar descent design based on balanced consumption between two modules,powered descent design based on mid-course separation,lunar ascent design based on optimal thrust-to-mass ratio,and lunar orbit rendezvous and docking design based on rapid autonomy.In addition,three emergency flight strategies are developed:asynchronous ascent design based on material separation,emergency rendezvous strategy based on Lambert’s variation of parameters,and multiple fault response strategy based on PRA.These strategies provide a reference for the flight mission planning and orbit design of the manned lunar lander,and support China’s manned lunar exploration program to achieve more engineering and scientific results.

关 键 词：载人月面着陆器 推进剂控制 飞行策略 优化 

分 类 号：V412.4[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]