中途分离模式的载人月面下降轨迹优化设计  

Optimal Design of Manned Lunar Descent Trajectory in Mid-course Separation Mode

作　　者：侯振东 刘扬 赵毓 HOU Zhendong;LIU Yang;ZHAO Yu(Beijing Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering,Beijing 100094,China)

机构地区：[1]北京空间飞行器总体设计部,北京100094

出　　处：《宇航学报》2023年第9期1370-1378,共9页Journal of Astronautics

摘　　要：中途分离模式的载人月面着陆器在下降着陆飞行途中进行舱段分离,分离前由推进舱提供减速动力,分离后由登月舱独自完成后续下降着陆和上升入轨任务。以确保安全为首则,以推进剂消耗量最少为目标,提出载人月面下降轨迹优化方法。分析正常和应急飞行过程中影响安全的主要因素,建立两舱落点、应急上升高度的安全边界解析模型;提出正常下降和应急上升轨迹的设计流程,建立安全性约束和推进剂消耗量的近似代理模型,设计一种计算效率高、支持方案快速迭代分析的轨迹优化方法。仿真结果表明通过轨迹优化可在满足安全性约束下节省推进剂约300 kg,揭示了分离高度和飞行路径角变化对安全性的影响规律,为载人月面着陆器方案设计提供技术参考。The successful landing of a manned lunar mission requires careful planning and execution.One critical aspect is the mid-descent separation trajectory of the manned lunar module.To ensure safety and minimize propellant consumption,a method for optimizing this trajectory's design has been proposed.Through a thorough analysis of the main design goals and factors affecting safety,a trajectory optimization method has been established that is highly efficient in calculation and supports rapid iteration analysis.Simulation cases have verified the correctness of the method,demonstrating that significant propellant savings can be achieved while satisfying safety constraints.The results also reveal that reducing the flight path angle has a more significant effect on improving the landing points'safety,while increasing the separation height is more effective in enhancing emergency ascent safety.By implementing this optimized trajectory design,the chances of a successful manned lunar landing can be increased while ensuring the safety of the crew.

关 键 词：中途分离 轨迹优化 应急上升 推进剂消耗 

分 类 号：V412.4[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]