有机肥配施生物菌肥对设施黄瓜土壤改良效果  

Effects of organic fertilizer containing biofertilizer on soil improvement of vegetables in facilities

作　　者：金珊 刘雪[1] 陈卓帛 李路瑶 陈雪 耿兵[1] JIN Shan;LIU Xue;CHEN Zhuobo;LI Luyao;CHEN Xue;GENG Bing(Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2023年第9期1995-2003,共9页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：北京市绿色有机示范区(带)建设项目。

摘　　要：探究有机肥配施生物菌肥对设施蔬菜种植过程中不合理施肥等所导致的连作障碍、蔬菜生长状况不良和土壤养分失衡等问题的改善情况。本研究通过田间试验,设置了空白对照、传统施肥、单施生物菌肥、有机肥与生物菌肥配施和液态有机碳与生物菌肥配施5个处理,重点对比不同施肥处理对土壤基本化学性质、土壤酶活性、设施蔬菜的生长状况和蔬菜根际微生物群落结构的影响。有机肥配施生物菌肥处理的叶绿素相比空白对照和传统施肥处理分别提升了6.04%和8.74%,且明显提高土壤中速效养分和酶活性,最大增幅分别达22.80%和43.88%,单施生物菌肥的处理相比传统施肥增加了土壤中细菌和放线菌的数量(11.96%、9.39%)、降低了真菌数量(21.54%),改善了土壤微生物结构,丰富了细菌多样性,有助于降低设施蔬菜土传病害的发生。有机肥配施生物菌肥更有助于达到土壤-植物-微生物系统优化效果,相比其他处理更有利于提升土壤肥力质量、促进设施黄瓜田间生长、改善土壤微生态环境和提高土壤微生物多样性,而单施生物菌肥在提升土壤微生物数量上也有很好的效果。This study was conducted to investigate the effects of organic fertilizer containing bio-fertilizer on continuous crop disorders,poor vegetable growth,and soil nutrient imbalance caused by unreasonable fertilization when planting vegetables in facilities.Five treatments(a blank control,traditional fertilization,single application of bio-fertilizer,organic fertilizer with bio-fertilizer,and liquid organic carbon with bio-fertilizer)were set up through field experiments,focusing on the effects of different fertilization treatments on the basic chemical properties of soil,soil enzyme activity,the growth condition of facility vegetables,and the structure of the vegetable soil microbial community.The effects of organic fertilizer with bio-fertilizer on soil fertility quality,field growth of vegetables,and the microecological environment were studied.Treatment with organic fertilizer containing bio-fertilizer increased chlorophyll by 6.04%and 8.74%,respectively,compared to the blank control and conventional fertilizer treatments,and significantly increased the fast-acting nutrients and enzyme activities in the soil by a maximum of 22.80%and 43.88%,respectively.The treatment with a single application of bio-fertilizer increased the number of bacteria and actinomycetes(11.96%and 9.39%,respectively).It decreased the number of fungi(21.54%)in the soil compared to the conventional application,improving the soil microbial structure and enriching the bacterial diversity,which helped to reduce the occurrence of soil-borne diseases in facility vegetables.Organic fertilizer with bio-fertilizer is more helpful in achieving an optimized effect on the soil-plant-microbial system,which is more beneficial in enhancing the quality of the environment and increasing the diversity of soil microorganisms compared with other treatments,whereas bio-fertilizer alone is also able to enhance the number of soil microorganisms.

关 键 词：有机肥 生物菌肥 设施黄瓜 田间生长 土壤肥力质量 土壤微生物 

分 类 号：S642.2[农业科学—蔬菜学] S626[农业科学—园艺学]